NOTES. CV11 



ment which has been circulated in many valuable writings, that during the erup- 

 tion of 1772 a part of the mountain had fallen in, and an adjacent area of 

 many square miles had sunk down, as greatly exaggerated. (Junghuhn, B. ii. 

 S. 98 and 100.) 



( 4US ) p. 284. Kosmos, Bd. iv. S. 495, Anm. 30 (Engl. edition, Note 254), 

 and Voyage aux Ke'gions e'quinox. t. ii. p. 16. 



( 417 ) p. 285. Junghuhn, Bd. ii. S. 241246. 



( 418 ) p. 286. Junghuhn, Bd. ii. S. 566, 590, and 607609. 



( 419 ) p. 286. Leop. von Buch, Phys. Beschr. der Canarischen Inseln, S. 206, 

 218, 248, and 289. 



( 42 ) p. 286. Barranco and barranca, both terms having the same meaning, 

 and both in use in Spanish America, do indeed properly denote a water-furrow, 

 a water-rift : " la quiebra que hacen en la tierra las corrientes de las aguas ; " 

 " una torrente que hace barrancas ; " they are, however, also employed for every 

 kind of ravine. I doubt whether it is correct to connect the word with barro, 

 " clay, soft moist mud, road mire." 



( 421 ) p. 287. Lyell, Manual of Elementary Geology, 1855, chap.xxix. p. 497. 

 The most striking analogy with the phenomenon of the regular ribs in Java is 

 presented by the surface of the mantle of the Somma at Vesuvius, on the seventy 

 foldings of which much light has been thrown by an ingenious and exact observer, 

 Julius Schmidt (Die Eruption des Vesuvs im Mai 1855, S. 101 109). In the 

 view of Leopold von Buch these furrows were not originally made by the running 

 down of rain-water (are not therefore " fiumare ") but are rifts, as it were starred 

 cracks, produced in the first upheaval of the volcano. The generally radial 

 position of the lateral eruptions relatively to the axis of the volcano seems con- 

 nected with this (S. 129). 



( 4 ~) p. 287. " L'obsidienne et par consequent les pierres-ponces sont aussi 

 rares a Java que le trachyte lui-meme. Un autre fait tres-curieux c'est 1'ab- 

 sence de toute coulee de lave dans cette ile volcanique. M. Rein ward t, qui lui- 

 meme a observe un grand nombre d'e'ruptions, dit expresse'ment qu'on n'a jamais 

 eu d'exemples que 1'eruption la plus violente et la plus de'vastatrice ait ete' ac- 

 compagne'e de laves." (Le'op. de Buch, Description des lies Canaries, p. 419.) 

 In the specimens of the volcanic rocks of Java for which the Cabinet of Minerals 

 at Berlin is indebted to Dr. Junghuhn, dioritic-trachytes, composed of oligo- 

 clase and hornblende, may be most clearly recognised at Burungagung, S. 255, 

 of the Leidner-Catalogue; at Tjinas, S. 232, and from G. Parang, situated in the 

 Batu-Gangi district. This is also identically the same formation as the dioritic- 

 trachytes of the volcanoes of Orizaba and Toluca in Mexico, of the Island of 

 Panaria, one of the Li pan Isles, and of ^Egina in the ^Egean Sea. 



