CX NOTES. 



had the merit of having been the first to ascend to the summit of the volcano. 

 Some years later he joined the expedition made thither by the In tend en te Cor- 

 regidor Don Juan Antonio de Riano, on the 10th of March 1789, to which be- 

 longed also a well-informed German, Franz Fischer, who had entered the 

 Spanish service as commissary of mines. It was through Fischer that the name 

 of Jorullo was first mentioned in Germany, by a letter which was printed in the 

 Schriften der Gesellschaft der Bergbaukunde, Bd. ii. S. 441. But the rise of the 

 new volcano had been spoken of still earlier, in Italy, in Clavigero's Storia Antica 

 del Messico (Cesena, 1780, t. i. p. 42), and in the poetic work Rusticatio Mexi- 

 cana of Pater Raphael Landivar (ed. altera, Bologna, 1782, p. 17). Clavigero, 

 in his estimable work, erroneously places the rise of the new volcano (of which he 

 writes the name Juruyo) in the year 1760, and enlarges his description by ac- 

 counts of showers of ashes extending as far as Queretaro, which had been given 

 him in 1766 by Don Juan Manuel de Bustamante, governor of the Province of 

 \ r alladolid de Michuacan, as himself an eye-witness of the phenomenon. Lan- 

 divar, who, like Ovid, was an enthusiastic adherent of our theory of upheaval, 

 in well-sounding hexameters makes the colossus rise to the full height of three 

 milliaria, and the thermal springs flow " cold by day and warm by night." 

 However, I myself saw the centigrade thermometer rise to 52| (126'5 Fahr.) 

 in the water of the Rio Cuitimba, at noon. 



Antonio de Alcedo, in the 5th part of his great and usefal Diccionario Geo- 

 grafico-Historico de las Indias Occidentales 6 America, 1789, therefore in the 

 same year in which the Report of Riano and Fischer appeared in the Gazeta de 

 Mexico, gave in the article Xurallo (p. 374 375) the interesting notice, that 

 when the earthquakes began in the Play as (29 June 1759), the Volcano of 

 Colima which was then in eruption was suddenly quieted, "although it is seventy 

 leguas (as Alcedo says ; according to my map only 1 12 geogr. miles) from the 

 Playas." He adds, " It is supposed that the matter in the bowels of the earth 

 met with obstacles to its continuing its former course, and at the same time 

 found openings towards the east, and thus was diverted para reventar en 

 Xurullo " Exact topographical data for the neighbourhood of the volcano are 

 also to be found in Juan Jose' Martinez de Lejarza's Analisis Estadistico de la 

 Provincia de Michuacan, en 1822 (Mexico, 1824, p. 125, 129, 130, and 131). 

 The statement of the Author, who resided not far from Jorullo, that since my 

 visit the mountain had shown no sign of increased volcanic activity, was first con- 

 tradicted by reports of a new outbreak in 1819. (Lyell, Principles of Geology, 

 1855, p. 430.) As the position of Jorullo in latitude is not without importance, 

 my attention has been drawn to the circumstance that Lejarza, who elsewhere 

 always follows my determinations of latitude and longitude, and gives the Ion- 



