CXX1V NOTES. 



( 476 ) p. 331. St. Paul's Rocks. See Darwin, p. 3133 and 125. 



( 477 ) p. 331. Daussy, Sur 1'existence probable d'un Volcan sous-marin 

 dans 1'Atlantique, in the Comptes rendus de 1'Acad. des Sciences, t. vi. 1838, 

 p. 512; Darwin, Volcanic Islands, p. 92; Lee, Cruise of the U.S. Brig Dolphin, 

 p. 2, 55, and 61. 



( 47S ) p. 332. Gumprecht, Die vulkanische Thatigkeit auf dem Festlande 

 von Afrika, in Arabien, und auf den Inseln des rothen Meeres, 1849, S. 18. 



( 479 ) p. 333. Kosmos, Bd. i. S. 456, Anm. 7 (English edition, Note 237). 

 On the totality of phaenomena, so far as known to us in Africa, see Landgrebe, 

 Naturgeschichte der Vulkane, Bd. i. S. 195 219. 



( 48 ) p. 334. The height of Demavend above the sea is given by Ainsworth 

 14,695 feet; but after correcting a barometric result which probably rested on 

 an accidental clerical error (Asie Centr. t. iii. p. 327), it comes, according to 

 Oltmann's Tables, to fully 18,634 feet. A still greater height, 20,085 feet, is 

 given by the doubtless very trustworthy angles of altitude of my friend Captain 

 Lemm of the Russian Imperial Navy in 1839; but the distance does not rest on 

 a trigonometric basis, but only on the assumption that the Volcano of Demavend 

 is 66 versts (104'3 versts = an equatorial degree) from Teheran. It appears, 

 according to this, that the Persian ever snow-clad Volcano of Demavend, situated 

 so near the southern shore of the Caspian, and 600 geographical miles from the 

 Colchian shore of the Black Sea, exceeds the great Ararat by 2984 (or about 

 3000 feet), and the Caucasian Elboruz by perhaps 1600 feet. On the Volcano 

 of Demavend, see Ritter, Erdkunde von Asien, Bd. vi. Abth i. S. 551 571; 

 and on the connection of the name Albordj, from the mythical and vague Zend 

 geography, with the modern Elbourz (Koh Alburz of Kazwini) and Elburuz, 

 S. 43, 49, 424, 552, and 555. 



X 481 ) p. 340. Asie Centrale, t. ii. p. 9 and 5458 (Kosmos, Bd. iv. S. 253, 

 Anm. 61, English edition, Note 285). 



(^ p. 340. Elburuz, Kasbegk, and Ararat, according to communications 

 from Struve. Asie Centr. t. ii. p. 57. The height given in the text for the 

 extinct Volcano of Savalan, west of Ardebil, 15,760 English feet, rests on a 

 measurement by Chanykow. See Abich, in the Me'langes phys. et chim. t. ii. 

 p. 361. In order to avoid wearisome repetition as to the sources which I have 

 drawn from, I will state here that all which in the geological section of the 

 Kosmos relates to the important Caucasian isthmus is taken from writings of 

 Abich, communicated to me in manuscript by him, 1852 1855, with the most 

 generous and kind permission to make the freest use of them. 



( 483 ) p. 340. Abich, Notice explicative d'une Vue de 1'Ararat, in the Bul- 

 letin de la Soc. de Ge'ographie de France, 4 e seVie, t. i. p. 516. 



