NOTES. CXXVll 



( 498 ) p. 365. Java, Bd. ii. S. 840842. 



( 499 ) p. 366. Java, Bd. ii. S. 853. 



( 50 ) p. 367. Leop. von Buch, in the Abhandl. der Akad. der Wissensch. zu 

 Berlin, 1818 and 1819. S. 62 ; Lyell, Princ. of Geology (1853), p. 447, where 

 a fine representation of the volcano is given. 



( MI ) p. 368. Bory de St.-Vincent, Voy. aux quatre lies d'Afrique, t. ii. 

 p. 429. 



( W2 ) p. 369. Valentyn, Beschry ving van Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien, Deel iii. 

 (1726) p. 70 : Het Eyland St. Paulo. (Compare Lyell, Princ. p. 446.) 



( M3 ) p. 370. " Nous n'avons pu former," says d'Entrecasteaux, " aucnne 

 conjecture sur la cause de 1'incendie de 1'Ile d' Amsterdam. L'lle e'toit embrasee 

 dans toute son etendue, et nous avons bien distinctement reconnu 1'odeur de bois 

 et de terre brule's. Nous n'avons rien senti qui put faire presumer que 1'em- 

 brasement flit 1'effet d'un volcan" (t. i. p. 45). " Cependant," he had said be- 

 fore (p. 43), " Ton a remarque le long de la cote que nous avons suivie, et d'cu 

 la flamme e'toit assez e'loigne'e, de petites bouffees de fume'e qui sembloient sortir 

 de la terre comme par jets ; on n'a pu ne'anmoins distinguer la moindre trace de 

 feu tout autour, quoique nous fussions tres pres de la terre. Ces jets de fumee 

 se montrant par intervalles ont paru a MM. les naturalistes etre des indices 

 presqu'assures de feux souterrains." Should we infer that we have here to do 

 with the ignition of lignites, of which beds covered by basalts and tufa occur so 

 frequently in the volcanic islands of Bourbon, Kerguebn, and Iceland ? The 

 name of Surtarbrand employed in Iceland is taken from Scandinavian mythology, 

 from the Fire- Giant Surtr, who is to set the world on fire. But such earth-fires 

 do not themselves usually occasion flames. As in modern times the names of 

 the islands of Amsterdam and of St. Paul's have unfortunately often been con- 

 founded on maps, it may be well, in order that the phenomena observed in the 

 one island may not be erroneously ascribed to the other, to remark that originally 

 (i. e. at the end of the seventeenth century), of the two islands lying nearly 

 in the same meridian, it was the southernmost which was named St. Paul's and 

 the northern one Amsterdam. Their discoverer, Vlaming, assigned to the first 

 the latitude of 38 40' S., and to the second, 37 48' S. These data agree re- 

 markably well in position, as well as in the respective names, with those furnished 

 a century afterwards by D'Entrecasteaux, in the expedition in search of La Pe- 

 rouse (Voyage, t. i. p. 43 45); namely, for Amsterdam, according to Beau- 

 temps-Beaupre, 37 48' N. (78 13' E.), and for St. Paul, 38 38'. So close 

 an agreement must be accidental, as the places of observation were, no doubt, 

 not exactly the same. On the other hand, Captain Blackwood in his Admiralty 

 Chart for 1842 gives for St, Paul 38 44' S. and 77 39' E. In the maps aj>- 



