Cxl'lV NOTES. 



named, was aware of the hidden contents of the recesses of the mountain 

 should have spoken of it as " cavus," can, as has been already remarked by 

 others, prove nothing as to its earlier condition. (Florus, lib. i. cap. 16: Vesu- 

 vius mons, Mtnxi ignis imitator; lib. iii. cap. 20: fauces cavi montis.) 



C 59 ) p. 409. It is in any case certain that Vitruvius wrote earlier than the 

 elder Pliny; not only because he is cited three times in the list of Pliny's 

 authorities, wrongly assailed by the English translator Newton (lib. xvi., xxxv., 

 and xxxvi.), but because a passage in book xxxv. cap. 14, 170 172, has 

 been distinctly proved, by Sillig (vol. v. 1851, p. 277) and Brunn (Diss. de 

 Auctoruin Indicibus Plinianis, Bonuas, 1856, p. 55 60), to have been extracted 

 by Pliny himself from our Vitruvius. Compare also Sillig's edition of Pliny, 

 vol. v. p. 272. Hirt, in his memoir on the Pantheon, places the writing of 

 Vitruvius's architecture between the years 16 and 14 B.C. 



C 860 ) p. 409. PoggendorfPs Annalen, Bd. xxxvii. S. 175180. 



(^ p. 409. Carmine Lippi : " Fu il fuoco o 1' acqua che sotterrb Pompei 

 ed Ercolano?" 1816, p. 10. 



( 562 ) p. 409. Scacchi, Osservazioni critiche sulla Maniera come fu sepellita 

 1'antica Pompei, 1843, p. 810. 



( 563 ) p. 411. Sir James Ross, Voyage to the Antarctic Regions, vol. i. 

 p. 217, 220, and 364. 



( 564 ) p. 412. Gay-Lussac, Re'flexions sur les Volcans, in the Annales de 

 Chiraie et de Physique, t. xxii. 1823, p. 427; Kosmos, Bd. iv. S. 218, English 

 edition, p. 170; Arago, (Euvres completes, t. iii. p. 47. 



( 565 ) p. 413. Reduced to Timana. the Volcan de la Fragua is in about 

 1 48' N., and 75 30' W. Compare, in the Atlas to my Travels, the Carte 

 hypsome'trique des Noeuds de Montague dans les Cordilleres, 1831, Pi. V., and 

 also PI. XXII. and XXIV. This mountain, situated so far to the east, and so 

 much by itself, deserves to be visited by a geologist who shall also be able to 

 determine longitudes and latitudes astronomically. 



( 566 ) p. 414. In the three groups which, according to the old geographical 

 nomenclature, belong to Auvergne, the Vivarais, and the Velay, the distances 

 stated in the text are taken, in each case, from the northernmost part of the 

 group to the Mediterranean, between the Golfe d'Aigues Mortes and Cette. In 

 the first group, that of the Puy de Dome, the northernmost point referred to is 

 a crater which has broken forth in the granite near Manzat, and is called Le 

 Gour de Tazena. (Rozet, in the Me'm. de la Sue. Ge'ol. de France, t. i. 1844, 

 p. 119.) Still more to the south than the group of the Cantal, and therefore 

 nearest to the sea, at a distance from it of about seventy miles, is the small 



