X NOTES. 



after the Placoides : their still living representatives are found in two genera,- 

 Bichir in the Nile and Senegal, and Lepidosteus in the Ohio. 



( 15 ) p. 29. Goethe, in the Aphorisms on Natural Science, in the small 

 edition of his Works, 1833, Vol. i. p. 155. 



( 16 ) p. 37. Arago's discoveries in the year 1811 (Delambre, Histoire de 

 I'Astrouomie, p. 652). 



C?) p. 37. Goethe, Aphoristiches iiher die Natur: Werke, B. 1. S. 4. 



( 18 ) p. 39. Pseudo-Plato, Alcib. ii. p. 148, ed. Steph. ; Plut. Tustituta 

 laconica, p. 253, ed. Hutten. 



( 19 ) p. 44. The " Margarita philosophica" of Gregorius Eeisch, prior of the 

 Chartreuse near Freiburg, appeared first under the title of " ^Epitome Omnis 

 Philosophice, alias Margarita philosophica tractans de omni genere scibili." 

 This title was retained in the Heidelberg edition of 1486, and in the Strasburg 

 edition of 1504 ; but in the Freiburg edition of 1504, and in twelve subse- 

 quent ones which appeared in the short interval between that year and 1535, 

 the first part of the title was omitted. This work had a great influence on 

 the extension of mathematical and physical knowledge in the beginning of 

 the sixteenth century ; and Chasles, the learned author of the Aper$u his- 

 torique des Methodes en Geometric, (183?,) has shewn the great importance 

 of Reisch's Encyclopaedia in the mathematical history of the middle ages. I 

 have endeavoured, by means of a passage found in a single edition of the 

 Margarita philosophica, (that of 1513), to elucidate the important question 

 of the relations between the geographer of St. Die, Hylacomilus (Martin 

 Waldseemiiller), who first, in the year 1507, gave the new continent the name 

 of America, and Amerigo Vespucci, Rene king of Jerusalem, and the cele- 

 brated editions of Ptolemy of 1513 and 1522. See my Examen critique 

 de la Geographic du Nouveau Continent, et des Progres de I'Astronoinie 

 nautique aux 15 e et 16 e Siecles, T. iv. p. 99125. 



C 20 ) p. 45. Ampere, Essai sur la Philosophic des Sciences, 1834, p. 25 ; 

 Whewell, Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Vol. ii. p. 27 r / ; Park, 

 Pantology^p. 87. 



C 21 ) p. 45. He reduces all changes of condition in the material world to 

 motion. Aristot. Phys. ausc. iii. 1 and 4, p. 200 and 201. Bekker, viil 

 1, 8, and 9, p. 250, 262, and 265. De Gener. et Corr. ii. 10, p. 336. 

 Pseudo-Aristot. de Mundo, cap. 6, p. 398. 



P) p. 50. On the question already raised by Newton himself, of the 

 difference between the attraction of masses and molecular attraction, see Laplace, 

 Exposition du Syste'me du Monde, p. 384 ; and Supplement au Livre X. de 



