NOTES. Xlll 



an animal endowed with soul (xotTfjios aov ^JL^VXOV), Compare Auaxag. 

 Claz. (ed Schaubach, p. Ill) and Plut. (De Plac. Phil. ii. 3) on the immate- 

 rial ordering spirit of the universe. In Aristotle (De Coelo, i. 9) Kosmos is 

 ** universe" and " order of the universe." It was also considered as divided 

 in space into the sublunary world and the higher world above the moon 

 (Meteor, i. 2, 1, and i. 3, 13, p. 339 a, and 340 6, Bekk.) The definition 

 of the Kosmos cited by me in the text from the Pseudo-Aristoteles de Mundo 

 (cap. ii. p. 391), runs thus in the original: Koffpos ea-n <rv<rrr}p.a. e 

 ovpavov KO.I 7775 KCU ruv ev rovrois Trepiex.ofji.fvov (pvaetov. A.eyera.1 8e at 

 eregas KofffJ-os rj rotv o\ov rais re /cat SiaKoa'/jLijo'is, VTTO Oetav re KO.I Sta Gewv 

 ^v\arro/j.evij. I find most of the passages from Greek writers on the subject 

 of Kosmos assembled 1st, in the controversial writings of Richard Bentley 

 against Charles Boyle (Opuscula Philologica, 1781, pp. 347, 445 ; Disserta- 

 tion upon the Epistles of Phalaris, 1817, p. 254), on the historic existence of 

 Zaleucus, the Locrian legislator; 2d, in Nake's excellent Sched. Grit. 1812, 

 pp. 915 ; and 3d, in Theoph. Schmidt ad Cleom. Cycl. Theor. Met. i. 1, 

 p. ix. 1, and 99. Kosmos was also used in a more restricted sense in the 

 plural (Plut. i. 5), either as applied to each separate star, or heavenly body, 

 or " world" (Stob. i. p. 514 ; Plut. ii. 13), or to separate systems of worlds, 

 or world-islands, each having a sun and a moon assumed to exist in infinite 

 space (Anaxag. Claz. Fragm. pp. 89, 93, 120 ; Brandis, Gesch. der griechisch.- 

 romischen Philosophic, Bd. i. S. 252). As each group thus became a 

 Kosmos, the universe, ro vav, was a higher and more comprehensive idea, 

 different from Kosmos (Plut. ii. 1). It was not till long after the time of 

 the Ptolemies that the word Kosmos was first applied to the earth. Bockh 

 has made known inscriptions to the praise of Trajan and Adrian (Corpus 

 Inscr. Graec. T. i. N. 334 and 1306), in which Koffftos is substituted for 

 oiKovncv-ri, just as we often say "world," meaning only the earth. The 

 triple division of universal space into "Olympus," "Kosmos," and "Uranos," 

 alluded to in the text, (Stob. i. p. 488 ; Philolaos, S. 94102,) relates to the 

 different regions which surround the hearth or focus of the universe, the Pytha- 

 gorean fo-ria rov iravros. The innermost region, between the earth and the 

 moon, the domain of the " variable," is termed in the Fragments " Uranos." 

 The middle, or that of the unvarying, well-ordered revolving planets, is, in 

 accordance with a peculiar view of the universe, exclusively termed " Kosmos." 

 The outer region is a fiery one, and is " Olympus." Bopp, the profound in- 

 vestigator into the affinities of languages, remarks, that "if we derive Ko<rfjos 

 from the Sanscrit root 'sud', purificari, as Pott had previously done (EtymoL 



