Post, Franz, his paintings of South 

 American landscapes, 449, 450. 



Poussin, Gaspard and Nicholas, their 

 landscapes, 447, 454. 



Printing, invention of, 623. 



Prometheus, myth of, 508. 



Psalms, the, their sublime poetic feel- 

 ing for nature, 411, 413. 414. 



Ptolemaeus, Claudius, on the locality 

 of Siipphara, 499, 500 ; influence of 

 his Universal Geography, its merits 

 and defects, 558560; researches 

 on optical refraction, 550, 551, 561, 

 562; geographical and mathematical 

 knowledge, 550, 551, 555; on the 

 configuration of the Caspian, 560, 

 661. 



JPtolemies, the, important result of their 

 rule in Egypt, 536546; their in- 

 tercourse with distant countries, 538 

 540; scientific expeditions, 540, 

 541; peculiar character of the Pto- 

 lemaic period, 541; accessions to 

 general knowledge, 543; to astrono- 

 mical knowledge, 544 546; ma- 

 thematical investigations, 546. 



Ptolemy, Philadelphus, his restoration 

 of the canal of Darius Hystaspes, 

 539; scientific researches, 540, 641. 



Punic, see Carthage, Phoenicians; 

 Punic work on agriculture, 653. 



Pythagoreans, their views on the struc- 

 ture of the universe, 469; on the 

 motion of the planets, 695 697. 



Quatremere, Etienne, on the circum- 

 navigation of Libya, 489; on the 

 locality of Ophir, 500. 



Quinsay, Chinese city, as described by 

 Rubruquis, 624; erroneous views of 

 Columbus on its geographical lo- 

 cality, 644, 645. 



Rachias, his embassy from Ceylon to 

 Rome, 554. 



Rafn, Christian, American antiquities 

 of, 603, 606, 607. 



Ramayana, Indian heroic poem, 404, 

 406, 407. 



Ramses Miamen, King of Egypt, his 

 expeditions, victories, and achieve- 

 ments, 486, 487, 539. 



Razes, Arabian Chemist, 589. 



Realists, school of, in the middle ages, 

 617. 



3 



Red Sea, canal of, early attempts at its 



construction, 539. 



Regiomontanus (Johann. Miiller), 630, 

 644, 685 ; on the anatomical dissec- 

 tions of Aristotle, 529; on the drawings 

 of petrifactions by Scilla, 733 ; me- 

 teoroscope of, 631; astronomical 

 ephemerides, 671. 

 Reisch, Gregory, Margarita Philoso- 



phica, 621, 67*6, 677. 

 Remusat, Abel, researches ou the 



Indo-Germanic races, 654. 

 Renaud, his researches on the inter- 

 course of the Arabs and Persians 

 with India, 583, 584. 

 Reubens, truth and vividness of his 



landscapes, 448. 



Rey, Jean, one of the founders of 

 pneumatic chemistry, 728; experi- 

 ments by, 729 

 Rhakotis, library of, 542. 

 Ritter, Carl, his monograph on incense, 



574. 



Romans, the, rarity of their poetic de- 

 scriptions of nature, 382; their 

 landscape paintings, 442 444; in- 

 fluence of their universal dominion, 

 647 568; extent of their empire 

 and its diversity, 548, 549; their 

 expeditions and statistical labours, 

 549; (on the superior scientific 

 knowledge of the Hellenic races, 

 550, 551 ;) causes of the rise and fall 

 of their universal sway, 551, 552; 

 embassy to China, 554, 555; use of 

 way measurers in their navigation, 

 631, 632. 



Romer, Olaus, discovery of the mea- 

 surable velocity of light, 716. 

 Rosen, Friedrich, translated the Algebra 



of Mohammed Ben-Musa, 596. 

 Ross, Sir James Clark, Antarctic ex- 

 pedition of, 720. 

 Ross, Ludwig, on the early intercourse 



between Greece and Egypt, 490. 

 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 431, 432. 

 Riickert, his translations from Eastern 



literature, 408, 416. 

 Rufus, of Ephesus, early anatomist, 



563. 



Ruisbrock (Rubruquis), travels of, and 

 results of his narrative, 624, 626, 

 640. 



Rumohr, Baron von, description of an 

 early Psalter, 444 ; on conical forms 



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