of mountains in early Italian land- 

 scapes, 445, 446. 



Ruth, book of, its naive simplicity, 

 4L5. 



Ruysdael, his landscapes, 447, 454. 



Sadi, Persian Poet, 410. 



Ste. Croix, 519. 



St. Pierre, Bernardin de, 400, 431, 

 432; inimitable truth to nature of 

 his writings, 433. 



Sanctorius, 591. 



Sanscrit language, its intermixture 

 with the Greek, 472. 



Santa Cruz, Alonzo de, his general 

 variation chart, 658; proposals for 

 determining longitudes, 672. 



Saturn, gradual discovery of its ring, 

 705, 706; Kepler's conjectures, 711; 

 discovery of its satellites, 712. 



Scheiner, Christopher, his observations 

 on the solar spots, 706708. 



Schiller, on the rarity of descriptions of 

 nature in the poetry of Greece, 372, 

 373. 



' Schiltberger, Hans, of Munich, early 

 traveller, 434. 



Schlegel, August Wilhelm von, 519, 

 527. 



Schoner, Johann, of Nuremberg, ca- 

 lumnies on Amerigo Vespucci, 676, 

 680 ; superintended the publication 

 of the writings of Columbus, 686, 

 687. 



Scilla, drawings by, of the petrifactions 

 of Calabria and Malta, 733. 



Scotus, Nicolaus, 602. 



Scylax, of Karyanda, explored the 

 course of the Indus, 506. 



Scythians, the, investigations on their 

 relationship to the Goths, 510. 



Sedillot, M., on the astronomical in- 

 struments of the Arabians, 585, 594 

 595, 630. 



See-ma kuang (early Chinese states- 

 man), his poem of 'the Garden,' 464. 

 Seleucidse, 536. 



Seleucus of Babylon, his correct know- 

 ledge of the earth's structure, 469, 

 691; of astronomy, 544, 545. 

 Seleucus Nicator, 535, 537. 

 Seneca, Etruscan Augur-theory, 503, 



narrow confines of the earth, 516. 

 Sevigne, Madame de, letters of, 432. 



Sextus Empiricus, 550 



Shakspeare, powerful descriptions of 

 natural scenery in his writings, 430. 



Sidonians, their commerce, knowledge 

 of astronomy, arithmetic, and navi- 

 gation, 492. See Phoenicians. 



Silius, Italicus, scenery of the Alps 

 and Italy, 391. 



Simplicius, on the date of Babylonian 

 astronomical notices, 476. 



Sismondi, on Camoens, 426; Ercilla, 

 428. 



Solis, Juan Diaz de, discovery of the 

 Rio de la Plata, 646. 



Solomon, route of his maritime expe- 

 ditions, 499, 500. 



Sophocles, beautiful descriptions of 

 nature, in his ' CEdipus Colonos/ 

 377, 462. 



Sousa, Martin Alfonso de, botanic 

 garden at Bombay, 653. 



Southern Cross, constellation of, early 

 notices, 666 669. 



Spanish writers of the 16th century, 

 characteristics of, 634 640. 



Staunton, Sir George, description of 

 the imperial garden of Zhehol, 463. 



Steno, on the substances contained in 

 rocks, 732. 



Strabo, on the Mediterranean coast 

 line, 481, 482; on Ramses the 

 Great, 488; on the circumnavigation 

 of Libya, 489 ; on the Sidonians, 

 492; on the Tyrian cities of the 

 North-west Coast of Africa, 405; 

 Phosnician commercial settlements in 

 the Persian Gulf, 499 ; on the Tur- 

 duli and Turdetani, 504, 505 ; con- 

 jecture of undiscovered lands in the 

 Northern hemisphere, 516; on the 

 passage of Alexander's army across 

 the mountainous district of the Pa- 

 ropanisadse, 522 ; his great work on 

 Geography, 555 558 ; supposed 

 existence of another continent be- 

 tween the west of Europe and Asia, 

 556, 557, 645. 



Sturm, Johann Christian, discoverer of 



the differential thermometer, 724. 

 Suanpan, Mogul reckoning machine, 



597. 

 Syracuse, 513 



Tacitus, descriptions of nature in his 



