CULTIVATION 



insects or mice will then inhabit it during the winter 

 and injure the green wood of the canes. Another 

 good way is to fill the spaces between the little 

 mounds with autumn leaves or meadow hay, with 

 enough earth spread over the top to keep them from 

 blowing away. This is an easy method and undoubt- 

 edly adds warmth to the beds. 



After the winter is over it is better to remove the 

 litter or leaves too early rather than too late, be- 

 cause they will rapidly heat up under the influence 

 of the warm spring sun and the buds of the rose 

 canes will be forced into breaking too early, when 

 any later heavy frost will severely kill back the 

 young shoots so started by the heat. It is therefore 

 advisable to take this covering from the roses when 

 the frost is out of the ground and before the heat of 

 the sun becomes great and lasting. 



Standard roses should be most carefully protected. 

 We have lost during the winter about twenty per 

 cent, of our plants; at best from ten to twenty per 

 cent, lost has been our average of these in the strong- 

 est varieties, even when winter protection was given. 



We believe that you will not have ten per cent, 

 of deaths if you give these very attractive standards 

 proper winter protection. Try placing around them 

 a rough box made of boards and filling it with earth, 

 covering well above the junction of the strong 



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