VIOLETS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ETC. 191 



a night temperature of forty-five or fifty degrees in cold 

 weather. The varieties used of the double kinds of Violets 

 are : Neapolitan (light blue), Maria Louise (dark blue), 

 and Swanley White (white) ; of the single blues the Schon- 

 brunn is the best. A new Double Red or Carmine-colored 

 Violet has been introduced this season (1887), known as 

 Madam Millet. It will no doubt be greatly prized, 

 as it is an entirely new and unexpected color. It has all 

 the characteristics of the Maria Louise variety, in fra- 

 grance, vigor of growth, and profusion of flowering. 



CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 



Chrysanthemums until recently were not regarded as 

 winter flowering plants, they being only used to fill in 

 the months of October and November, a season at which 

 flowers are usually scarce. Now, by using the late 

 flowering kinds, and pinching them back as late as it is 

 safe to do so, say September 1st, there is no difficulty in 

 having them in bloom until the 1st of January, though 

 they hardly can be had much later. Another value of 

 chrysanthemums, not generally known, is that the flowers 

 can be kept in water in a cool place for three weeks after 

 being cut, which is longer by one-half than they will 

 keep on the growing plants after they are fully developed. 



Two methods are used to grow chrysanthemums for 

 flowers ; one is by growing them on during the summer, 

 beginning to shift from small pots in May or June, until 

 seven or eight inch pots become necessary by October. 

 The other is to plant young plants in June at twelve or 

 fifteen inches apart, each way, inside a greenhouse, or 

 somewhere where they can be covered with glass by 

 middle of October ; in both cases the plants must be 

 grown without check, being watered freely, and supplied 

 with liquid manure if the soil is not rich enough, and 

 regularly " topped," so as to make them bushy, the 

 early kinds, however, must not be "topped " later than 



