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BEANS are an indispensable crop in strong clay soils, 

 being- an excellent preparatory for wheat, and will furnish 

 the means of making a good quantity of manure. The 

 best mode of cultivating them, is by dibbling in rows, 

 fourteen inches asunder, and about six apart, in the rows : 

 thus the crop can be kept quite clean, and that, and suc- 

 ceeding ones, benefited. 1 have several times sown the 

 winter beans, but have not found them answer any good 

 purpose. The Helegoland do not need being sown on 

 a strong soil ; with good cultivation they will yield a good 

 produce. Millers are greater purchasers of beans (when 

 the price is lower than wheat), than they want for their cart 

 horses. Baker's bread has been particularly good, these 

 last two years ; wheat having been so low priced, substi- 

 tutes for it have not been resorted to. 



VETCHES grow the best on strong land, but being 

 so useful for soiling cart horses, they are grown on most 

 farms. Horses are bad grazers they bite close, and take 

 the best grass ; their dung is of little or no use in the field, 

 but is very serviceable in a littered yard. Horses working 

 hard can, with vetches, fill themselves quickly, and have 

 good time to rest ; which they have not, when turned out 

 in the evening to graze. Farm horses ought to be soiled in 

 a littered yard, all through the summer, and autumn too, 

 if possible. Winter vetches should be sown as soon as 

 possible after harvest, for spring feed ; and spring vetches 

 should be sown in February, for summer and autumn 

 feed ; thus a great deal of good manure will be made, and 

 the horses kept from injuring a pasture, by their close 

 biting, where the grass is shortest, and from hurling the 

 pasture by their galloping about. On good turnip land, 

 well manured, and free from twitch, Swedish turnips may 

 be sown after vetches, cut not later than Midsummer ; after 

 that time, common turnips : but if there should be twitch 

 in the land, it should be cleaned, and left for wheat. 

 Vetches, when in pod, and made into hay, in fine dry 

 weather, are very heartening food for cart horses, but they 

 must lay in the field so long after they are cut, that it 

 is not often that they are carted in a good state, and if not, 

 they are of little worth. Care must be taken to ascertain 



