first sowing might be Swedes, at one ploughing with a 

 skim coulter; thus the roots of the vetches or weeds will 

 be placed at the bottom, and be as manure: without the 

 skim coulter the weeds would be likely to spring up in the 

 seams of the ploughing On other parts of this field 

 potatoes may at the proper time be planted (with dung), to 

 produce as many as are likely to be wanted for consumption 

 in the house, or by pigs. On the other pans of the. field 

 might be sowed, in the previous crops of white grain, rye- 

 grass for seed, or trefoil for sheep, or trifoUum harrowed or 

 scuffled in after harvest, on a stubble. Common turnips 

 after these, and if the land is clean, and in a fair state of 

 cultivation, a useful crop of them may be obtained, even 

 without manure, if none can be had. Should the land be 

 in a neighbourhood where lime is to be had at a moderate 

 price, it would be a good time to make use of it. Of course 

 the next year barley or oats, and the year after a regular 

 turnip fallow. By an arrangement of this kind, landlords' 

 objections to two crops of white grain in succession are 

 removed. Restrictions as to the course of cropping on 

 poor light soils can be adhered to, but on poor stubborn 

 clay land they frequently cannot ; it often proving from the 

 the state of the weather quite impossible to give the land the 

 necessary stirrings for the intended crop. All the condi- 

 tions which tenants of such land can be expected to enter 

 into are, not to let the farm be in a foul state, or impove- 

 rished by over-cropping. Although I never occupied a clay- 

 land farm, 1 had (until I laid it down in permanent pasture) 

 a small quantity of very stubborn and difficult land to work. 

 The conclusions I have come to for the management of 

 clay land are these. It is my decided opinion, in opposition 

 to some agricultural writers, that summer fallows on most 

 strong clay land are indispensable : not all to be what is 

 called a dead fallow, for, as vetches are so essential for soil- 

 ing the cart horses, and making a good yard full of manure, 

 and also for sheep in the spring, I should sow a great portion 

 of the fallow land with them, and as soon after harvest as it 

 is possible, for the earlier they are tit to stock with sheep or 

 to cut, the greater their value. The vetch land, of course to 

 be manured, the other part, for which there may be no 

 manure, to be folded. I should grow as many potatoes as 



