TREES, SHRUBS, VINES AND PLANTS. 363 



During the summer an occasional watering with 

 Summer liquid manure will be beneficial. Arrangements 

 Treatment should be made if possible for a constant water sup- 

 ply in the rose garden, for the foliage is kept in a 

 good, healthy condition and insects are kept in check by syring- 

 ing with considerable force early in the morning on bright days. 

 Water should not, however, be applied during the middle of the 

 day. 



In late fall, when the plants are well ripened, 

 Winter some protection should be given, and while loam 



Protection heaped up around the plants furnishes the best pro- 

 tection, leaves, hay or straw to the depth of from 

 eight inches to one foot may be used for covering. It is best to 

 apply mulches for winter protection after the ground has frozen 

 somewhat. 



Many insects attack the rose plants. Among 

 Insects these the green fly, or aphis, the rose chafer, or rose- 



bug, and the red spider are the most troublesome. 

 The rose-bug is the hardest of the enemies to combat, and it has 

 been the experience of the writer that paris green dusted over 

 the plants is most effective. 



The red spider is a very small insect, which is scarcely distin- 

 guishable to the eye. It is generally found on the under sides of 

 the leaves, which soon assume a sickly yellow tinge. It is most 

 destructive to plants trained against buildings or in positions 

 where they are particularly exposed to the hot sun. The most 

 effective remedy is syringing with cold water, thrown in an 

 upward manner, to reach the undersides of the leaves, and applied 

 with sufficient force to remove the insects from the leaves. 



The aphis, or green fly, can be exterminated by dusting the 

 plants with tobacco dust while they are wet with dew, or 

 by spraying with water in which tobacco stems or leaves have 

 been soaked. 



Mildew often causes considerable injury. It 



Fungous is generally caused by sudden atmospheric changes, 



Diseases or by continued cloudy or damp weather. As a 



remedy, dry sulphur may be shaken over the plant 



early in the morning, while the leaves are wet with dew. 



