DIRECTIONS 



(To be carefully studied before using the charts) 



The special feature of the book is the use of charts 

 through which any specimen not recognized may be traced, 

 by its obvious characteristics, to a small group. In this 

 group it will be found if it is one of the number included 

 (flowers about 400, fruits about 100). In the group, each 

 specimen is sufficiently described to distinguish it from 

 the others in the group. 



FIG. 3. 



FIG. i. 



Leaves opposite. Leaves whorled. 



Leaves from the Leaves other- 

 root only. wise (alternate). 



The characteristics chosen for the charts are in 

 general (i) the kind of plant, whether a shrub or an 

 herb, (2) its size, (3) the grouping of its leaves, (4) the 

 grouping of the flowers, and (5) the shape of the flower. 

 With these features, therefore, one must be familiar; 

 thus, he must know the following facts: 



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