YELLOW OR YELLOWISH FLOWERS 41 



15. Leaves (not opposite or whorled) simple, plants with thorns. 



BARBERRY (Berberis vulgaris). Barberry family. 



Shrub with delicate spines; petals 6, inversely egg- 

 shaped; leaves toothed. Roadsides, etc. Early 

 summer. 



PRICKLY PEAR. INDIAN FIG. (Opuntia vulgaris). Cac- 

 tus family. 



On ground, made up of light green joints, with 

 small spines and tiny leaves, close to stem; flowers 

 large, solitary; petals about 8. Sandy places, etc. 

 Summer. Nantucket and South. 



OPUNTIA RAFINESQUII. Cactus family. 



Similar but dark green; leaves not quite so small, 

 and sometimes larger spines; petals 10-12. 



16. Leaves from root only, simple, flowers composite. 



COLTSFOOT (Tussilago Farfara). Composite family. 



Ht. few in. ij ft.; flower-heads solitary on stems 

 with many scales ; leaves long-stemmed, broad with 

 pointed lobes and teeth, woolly underneath. Wet 

 ground. Early spring. 



CYNTHIA (Krigia amplexicaulis) . Composite family. 

 Ht. 1-2 ft.; flowers resembling dandelions (i in.) 

 on long-branching stalks; basal leaves 2-6 in. 

 long, narrowly toothed or cut, or without teeth, 

 on stalks with margins; a single leaf on the stem, 

 clasping. Moist ground. Spring to autumn. 



FALL DANDELION (Leontodon autumnalis). Composite 



family. 



Ht. abt. i ft. ; leafless stem slender, dividing at top; 

 flower-heads like small dandelions; leaves deeply 

 toothed or pinnately cut. Meadows and roadsides. 

 Summer, autumn. 



DANDELION (Taraxacum Taraxacum). Composite family. 

 Single hollow stem bearing one large flower-head of 

 strap-shaped flowers; leaves long, irregularly cut. 

 Open fields, etc. 



