FEBRUARY. , 29 



trees, Hibernia leucophearia and H. rupicapraria 

 may be found, together with their apterous females. 



Let us now diversify our employment a little, and 

 see if we cannot find a few pupae ; and first let us pay 

 a visit to those alders yonder, with their green mossy 

 trunks so invitingly placed towards us. But what are 

 you about ? detaching the moss from the tree ! Yes, 

 but in what manner? you have begun where you 

 ought to have finished, at the bottom, thus running 

 the risk of losing whatever pupae may be loose in the 

 moss by their falling to the earth. In stripping the 

 trunk of a tree of its moss to search for pupae, always 

 begin at the upper part, and in this fashion take a 

 portion, say of five or six inches in width, and with 

 both hands, one on each side, commence tearing the 

 moss off gently, working downwards, and keeping the 

 moss in a sheet -as much as possible (not tearing it off 

 in strips), and occasionally shaking it to see if there 

 are any loose pupae in it ; if there is, they will roll down 

 and be caught in the hollow formed by the detached 

 moss and the trunk of the tree. Now just give the moss 

 a slight shake ; see, there are two or three black pupae 

 in the hollow and several more hanging by the anal 

 segment to the moss ; these are the pupae of Ypsipetes 

 impluviaria : but what is that small protuberance on the 

 trunk, that appears as if it were made of dark whitey- 

 brown paper, with a few pieces of moss attached to it ; 

 this is the cocoon of Odontopera bidentaria. You will 

 probably find the same kind of cocoon upon the trunks 

 of the pines, while under the moss that clothes the 

 spreading roots of the beech the brown pupae of Poly- 

 pogon grisealis will be found, and among the moss 



