PRACTICAL PHOTO-MICROGRAPHY. 35 



had in this branch of science ; not forgetting the unwearying 

 kindness of Dr. Maddox when the writer was an entire novice 

 in everything microscopic. 



A great many other names would have to be mentioned did 

 this chapter profess to be a history of the science with which 

 we are dealing. Drs. Draper and Sternberg of America have 

 done morei than " Yeoman Service " in this line ; Mr. Wen- 

 ham, Mr. T. Charters White, Mr. Shadbolt, Dr. Lionel Beale in 

 England ; in France Dr. Miquel and others ; in Italy Count 

 Abbe Castracane ; and Neyt in Belgium all have made their 

 marks in photo-micrography. Dr. Henea^e Gibbes, now Pro- 

 fessor of Physiology in Michigan, and Mr. F. H. Evans, of 

 London, have produced some useful photographs of physio- 

 logical preparations. So of late years have many other per- 

 sons, for the value of photography in this line is daily attract- 

 ing more and more attention. It appears to the writer that 

 for the instruction of a class of students in such branches as 

 histology, physiology, pathology, bacteriology, etc., no method 

 can equal the use of an Optical-lantern slide projected upon a 

 screen, the room being temporarily darkened ; there are no 

 such difficulties or inconveniences as would at first sight ap- 

 pear, and a chapter of this book shall be devoted to the sub- 

 ject, in the hope that attention may be called to this very 

 scientific and convenient means of imparting instruction. 



A few words may aptly be written on what the writer 

 claims as the advantages of photo-micrography over other ex- 

 isting methods of delineation. In the first place, " Personal 

 Equation," or perhaps "Personal Prejudice," is almost entirely 

 eliminated. A dishonest man may possibly arrange his pho- 

 tography so as to bear out his own previous assertions, but a 

 candid person doing his best to secure truth will be confident 

 that what his photograph shows represents what his lens 

 " saw," and those who see his photograph will know that it re- 

 presents the object in one aspect at least. The aspect may be 

 a delusive one through optical mismanagement, but it must be 

 one aspect of the object. Photography certainly cannot "lie, 

 but the photographer may be a liar or a fool. For this reason 

 the photo-micrographer must not only be unprejudiced and 

 honest, he must also be a microscopist and know his object. 



