OUTDOOR ROSE GROWING 



he sees the advance guard of the fungoid disease known vari- 

 ously as orange fungus and red rust. 



"Some suppose these to be separate diseases; on the contrary 

 they are separate stages in the triune life-cycle of disease, 

 Phragmidium subcorticatum. The first, or Mcidium, stage gives 

 the orange fungus; the second, or Uredo, stage gives the red 

 rust; the third, or Telcuto, stage gives a black rust. 

 "Where the orange fungus has obtained a strong hold, and has 

 caused trouble for several successive years, it cannot be exter- 

 minated at a single attempt. Repeated attacks on it must be 

 made. Measures may begin by spraying the bushes thoroughly 

 in the spring, before growth starts, with Bordeaux mixture. 

 "Bordeaux Mixture. — To prepare Bordeaux mixture take 234 lbs. 

 of sulphate of copper (bluestone), dissolve in a little hot water; 

 2^/2 lbs. of freshly burned lime, dissolve in cold water; 1 lb. of 

 agricultural treacle, 1 lb. of soft soap. Pour together when 

 cool; stir the treacle or soft soap well in and make up to twenty- 

 five gallons with water. 



"When the first signs of the disease appear in summer, spray 

 with carbarn, repeating if necessary. The solution should 

 reach the under as well as the upper side of the leaves. 

 "To prepare carbarn, take 1 ounce of carbonate of copper, 

 J4 pint of liquid ammonia. Dissolve the carbonate of copper 

 in the ammonia and mix with ten gallons of water." 



Mr. E. M. Rosenbluth, of Wallingford, Pennsyl- 

 vania, claims that, in planting, by placing one large 

 handful of coarse sand and three handfuls of char- 

 coal directly under the roots, varieties which ordi- 

 narily lose their foliage early, will hold the same 

 quite well to the end of the season. 



One point that all authorities seem to agree upon 

 is the picking and burning of all dead and fallen 

 leaves affected by black spot. 



During 1915 there has been a new pest — the larvae 

 of the white tussock moth; this insect is greenish 

 brown with yellow markings, like a small caterpillar. 

 At first it is less than one-quarter inch but grows 



188 



