XII 



ADDRE8S 



those which are perverted to pernicious uses. Large 

 tracts of productive land are occupied with crops of this 

 kind. In the United States, the land devoted to the 

 culture of tobacco is more than twice the amount that 

 is occupied with the cultivation of rice, (400,000 acres : 

 175,000 acres,) and nearly half as much as that 

 improved in raising beans and peas. In England, the 

 land appropriated to raising grain for the manufacture 

 of malt and distilled liquors would more than suffice to 

 produce all the wheat which that country now imports ; 

 and this last use of it in place of the former, besides 

 saving the country the $80,000,000 or $100,000,000 

 which she now pays annually for foreign wheat and 

 flour, would increase the industry and thrift of her 

 laboring class, and greatly diminish intemperance and 

 pauperism. Millions of fertile acres in .the Turkish 

 Empire, and in British India, are occupied with the 

 opium poppy ; and the manufactured product goes to 

 diminish the productive industry of every country 

 where the drug is in common use, as it is throughout 

 almost all Southern Asia. 



The productive power of the earth is materially 

 affected, again, by the difference between a state of 

 peace and a state of war. War interferes with the 

 supply which the earth produces for the wants of man 

 in a variety of ways. It calls off many from the 

 employments of agriculture to the service of arms. It 

 diminishes the motives to agricultural industry, by 

 making its avails uncertain and insecure. It lays waste 

 fertile fields, and tramples down under its iron heel 

 the unreaped harvests of the husbandman. Rival 

 armies contend with each other for the ground where 



