1 82 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 



temporo-sphenoidal lobe in the monkey, produced no motor 

 disturbance, but found evidence of loss of hearing in the 

 opposite ear. He described the monkey as pricking its ears, 

 and looking to the opposite side when the region is stimu- 

 lated, and he considered that these observations prove the 

 existence of a special localised mechanism for the reception 

 of stimuli from the ear. But, more recently, Schafer has 

 removed these convolutions from both sides in the monkey, 

 with aseptic precautions, kept the animal alive, and found 

 no evidence of loss of auditory sensations. This conclusion 

 depends upon the observation that stimulation of the auditory 

 mechanism in such animals still leads to the usual muscular 

 response. But since lower connections probably exist between 

 the auditory nuclei in the medulla and the centres for mus- 

 cular movement in the spinal cord (Figs. 72 and 73), this 

 observation cannot be accepted as excluding the relationship 

 of the superior temporo-sphenoidal convolution with hearing. 

 This relationship is strongly supported by pathological evi- 

 dence. Cases of " Jacksonian Epilepsy" have been recorded, 

 in which the first symptom of the fit was the hearing of 

 sounds, and in which the lesion was found on this lobe. 



Taste and Smell. So far satisfactory evidence of the exist- 

 ence of a special localised mechanism connected with these 

 senses is wanting. Ferrier states that removal of the hippo- 

 campal convolution in monkeys leads to loss of taste and 

 smell, and that stimulation causes torsion of the nostrils and 

 lips, as if sensations of smell and taste were being experienced. 

 But Schafer was unable to observe any indication of loss 

 of taste and smell in monkeys from which the temporo- 

 sphenoidal lobe had been to a large extent removed. 



Other experimenters have observed interference with the 

 sense of smell in destructive lesions of the hippocampal lobe, 

 and one case at least has been described in which a tumour 

 of the right gyrus hippocampus was associated with sensa- 

 tions of smell. In monotremes the fibres from the olfactory 

 lobe have been traced to the neighbourhood of the hippo- 

 campus. 



Touch. Here, again, the difficulty of drawing conclusions 

 from observations on lower animals is encountered. Ferrier 

 thought that removal of the hippocampal convolution caused 



