378 Appendix 



in. 



The hypothesis here presented of the mnemonic 

 nature of the affective tendencies in general is further 

 confirmed by other examples of more special affec- 

 tivities which have also originated by way of "habit" 

 and yet bear special relations to the environment since 

 they affect only one part or another of the organism 

 and manifest an activity only periodically or intermit- 

 tently. They are especially in evidence in the higher 

 animals and in man most of all. 



As a typical instance it will be sufficient to consider 

 maternal love. 



Evidently the habit of having certain relations of 

 parasitism, or, in general, of symbiosis, with the progeny 

 throughout a long series of generations has become 

 gradually transformed in a mnemonic way into affective 

 tendencies towards these relations. 



"Comparative ethology," says Giard, "shows us most 

 clearly that the relations between the parent organism 

 and its progeny are in principle absolutely the same as 

 those existing between a parasite and the animal it lives 

 upon, and that after a period of unstable equilibrium in 

 which one or other of the two associated organisms 

 suffers to the advantage of its companion there is a 

 tendency to the establishment of a definite position of 

 mutual (mutualiste) equilibrium." 19 



This is true for instance of the relations of internal 

 incubation, which though first sought and effected by 

 the embryo itself in some phase of its development for 

 the purpose of nutrition or some other advantage, and 



19 A. Giard, "Les origines de I'amour maternel," Revue des 

 idees, April 15, 1905, p. 256. 



