380 Appendix 



the mammary glands which, as we know, are only locally 

 specialized sebaceous glands of the skin. The young 

 animal in taking its first nourishment thus alleviates the 

 discomfort of the female and becomes a means toward 

 the comfort of its mother." 22 



That the need for lactation is the origin of maternal 

 love is shown by the fact that the mother who is deprived 

 of her young tries to replace them by foster-nurslings. 

 "The necessity of getting rid of a troublesome secretion 

 is powerful enough sometimes to cause the female that 

 lost her young to steal the progeny of another, and these 

 robberies have been performed even by females that were 

 still suckling their own young, the satisfaction of a need 

 leading them, as is generally the case, to seek a still 

 greater satisfaction which might lead even to excess." 23 



In the cases observed by Lloyd Morgan, this need of 

 the mother takes the form of a mother love solicitous for 

 the nourishment of her young, and it is possible that it 

 may actually represent in them the beginning of an un- 

 selfish attachment. "Further, I have seen both bitches 

 and cats get up and again lie down so as to bring the 

 teats into closer proximity to the mouth of any young 

 which failed to find them. It has been noticed by a man 

 who is a remarkably good observer and has had much 

 to do with animals, and also by myself, that when a lamb 

 is weakly and fails to find the teat, the mother not in- 

 frequently uses its shoulders, head and neck as a lever 

 to place the lamb on its legs; and, having accomplished 

 this, straddles over the lamb, and brings the teats against 



22 Giard, op. cit., pp. 269-270. 

 23 Giard, loc cit., p. 270. 



