Affective Tendencies 387 



to certain objects which can only be touched or seen 

 (viscous bodies), and then, carrying the analogy still 

 farther, even to simple "objects" or relations of an 

 ethical order. 36 



At the same time inasmuch as the intellect foresees 

 with constantly increasing sharpness the external phe- 

 nomena to be expected as effects of given causes, it con- 

 tinues to devise new means more indirect and more 

 complex for attaining its end, and thereby to open a 

 broader sphere of efficiency for "affective transference." 

 For instance the weapon which was invented by man as 

 means for self-preservation has rendered possible an 

 affective transference to itself which is characteristic of 

 the w r arrior and the hunter; and the earth which the 

 agriculturist has utilized to provide his own nourishment 

 has made possible that intense love for the soil frequent 

 among farmers. 



Furthermore, since the intellect also foresees with in- 

 creasing certainty internal physical processes, it calls into 

 being a large number of new affectivities destined to pre- 

 vent possible future affective tendencies from remaining 

 unsatisfied. For instance the anticipation of future 

 hunger gives even the satiated man the inclination to lay 

 up food that is left from a meal, and to keep it in his 

 possession. Thus arises in general the sense of owner- 

 ship, and in the same way the anticipation of the in- 

 numerable other desires which civilized man cherishes 

 today excites in him an intense longing for wealth, covet- 

 ousness and similar passions. 37 



Finally, the intellect renders possible that infinite vari- 



36 Ribot, Psych, des sent., p. 212. Essai sur les passions, pp. 65 ff. 

 37 Spencer, Princ. of Psychol, I, 488 f. Ribot, Psychol. des sent., 

 no, 269-270. 



