Affective Tendencies 389 



remote and hardly distinguishable derivative of the 

 same instinct. 39 



How high may be the degree of complexity which can 

 thus be attained is attested, for instance, by maternal love 

 which has grown from the purely bodily necessity for lac- 

 tation to the tenderest feelings of the noblest self-denial, 

 and especially also by conjugal affection which has been 

 transformed from coarse brutal sexual appetite to an 

 harmonious cooperation of the gentlest and most delicate 

 moral affectivities. 40 



Yet it is easily comprehensible that it would be use- 

 less, and impossible to stop here to investigate all of the 

 affectivities and their slightest shades which have arisen 

 and in this way attained their development in the higher 

 animals and especially in man. Let these few indica- 

 tions suffice to render intelligible the fact that as soon 

 as the organism has acquired in the direct mnemonic 

 way a stock of affective tendencies and the intellect has 

 attained its proper development, the number of affec- 

 tivities which may be derived by "transference" and by 

 "combination," that is to say, by indirect mnemonic 

 means, is infinite. 



v. 



But few words are needed to indicate the place of 

 affective tendencies among those fundamental physical 

 phenomena which are most closely connected with them, 

 such as the emotions, the will, and the states of pleasure 

 and pain. 



Emotions are only sudden and violent modes of acti- 



39 See Bain, The Emotions and the Will, pp. 117 f. Ribot, Psych, 

 des sentiments, pp. 229 f., 271 f. Problemes de psychologic affective, 

 chap. Ill, "L'antipathie," Paris, Alcan, 1910. 



40 Spencer, op cit., I, 487 f. 



