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HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



composition of the ductus ad nasum. On the right side the union between 

 the ectal and ental portions is obliterated. Again, on the right side the 

 lachrymal crest at the base is advanced so as to form part of the outer wall of 

 the ductus ad nasmn : on the left side it is excluded. The other parts of the 

 face present nothing unusual. 



In varying degrees of development the prenasal fossa is present in thirty- 

 nine per cent, of the cave series as opposed to twenty-four per cent, of the 

 coast, thus showing that is of significance in determining grade. The actual 

 number was seven in the former and fourteen in the latter. 



The Pyramidal Process 



The pyramidal process of the palatal bone is a character which has been 

 overlooked, so far as I know, in the comparative study of the skull. I noted 

 the subject in the study of the Florida skulls, where reference is made to the 

 large size of the process in the Hawaiian form. In the study, as now com- 

 pleted, the process is found to be 12 mm. wide at the free margin in the cave 

 and 1 1 mm. in the coast. 



The Lower Jaw 



In specimen No. 1752, A. N. S., the lower jaw presents an extraordinary 

 variation in both the body and the ramus. The body presents a convex lower 

 border in the region answering to the teeth, as accurately shown in plate iv. 

 I have seen but one example similar to this in my examinations of crania, 

 which now embrace many individuals. The variation is probably due to pre- 

 mature symphysal union. The ramal peculiarity was confined to a foramen 

 on the inner side of the base of the coronoid process, and just above the 

 beginning of the inferior dental canal. The position is shown by the arrow 

 engraved on the figure. 



Comparisons of the degree of angulation on the condyles of the lower 

 jaw the degree of concealment of the last molar by the base of the coronoid 

 process, the position of the mental foramen with respect to the teeth, the 

 peculiarities of the genial spine and crest were made in all examples. The 

 entire number of bones examined was twenty-two, but the number of lower 

 jaws in the coast are so few as to make results inadequate. 



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