FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 



HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



zygoma is concealed, when the skull is viewed from above, is nearly twice as 

 large in the cave series as in the coast. 



Respecting the shape of the skull, it can be said that it is in harmony 

 with other facts. Thus, there are but eight oval skulls in the cave series and 

 twenty-three rhombecephalic, whereas there are nineteen oval skulls in the 

 coast series and thirteen rhombecephalic. 



The basal aspect of the petrosal portion of the temporal bone, as it lies 

 near the basilar process, is disposed to be swollen (i.e., inflated) in the lower 

 caste group. 



The disposition for the alisphenoid to unite with the parietal bone, or, in its 

 absence, permitting the squamosal element to join witli tlie frontal bone, is made 

 the subject of special scrutiny. The frontosquamosal junction is found in 

 two examples of cave crania and in one, only, of the coast. In one cave and 

 in one coast cranium the junction is found on the right side, the left being 

 alisphenoidoparietal. 



The nasal septum is straight, as a rule, in both groups. It is deflected 

 to the left in thirty-two per cent, of the cave skulls and in fifteen per cent, of 

 the coast, facts which bear out the conclusion that high-grade people exhibit 

 a tendency for the nasal septum to be deflected to the left. 



In my memoir on Florida skulls I noted the curves seen in the profile of 

 the brain-case. At first sight it would seem that a well-developed skull is an 

 expanded one, and would tend to present a single curve (opisthioglabellar) 

 from opisthion to the glabella. Yet in the cave series such a curve is present 

 in twenty-three per cent, while in the coast it is found in twenty-six per cent. 

 The next grade is found in an interruption of the curve (opisthioinion ; inio- 

 giabellar) by a prominent inion ; this process, being created by muscle traction, 

 appears to have no connection with grade, for in the cave series it is present 

 in forty-two per cent., and only in three per cent, of the coast ; so the curve 

 must be read not by the standard of intellection, but of muscular power, 

 which, nevertheless, is best expressed in the first grade. When the inion is 

 over-prominent and yet the rest of the cranial curve (opisthioinion ; inio- 

 interparietal ; interparietoglabellar) interrupted at the intertuberal portion of 

 the sagitta, or a little farther in advance of this place near the bregma, we 

 have a great preponderance of the coast grade over the cave, as shown in the 

 following statement : for the cave series nineteen per cent, and for the coast 

 series fifty-two per cent. 



The remaining curves are so few in number as not to be thought worthy 



