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39 



HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



men. The comparison here is rather against than in favor of the proposition 

 as stated, for the percentage of the closed foramina while small is confined to 

 the cave series. 



The spinous process of the sphenoid bone when overlapping the petroso- 

 sphenoidal suture is assumed by me to indicate an advance from the juvenile 

 expression, and all things remaining the same, from the primitive adult type. 

 But the examination does not bear out this conclusion, for the cave series 

 exhibits the overlapping in twenty-one per cent, as against twenty-seven per 

 cent, of the coast. 



The anterior nasal opening yields some interesting contrasts in the two 

 groups. The high incisor crest is found only in the cave series, where it 

 exists in the proportion of six per cent. It is absent in the coast series. On 

 the contrary, the absence of the crest, a sign of low grade, is more frequent 

 in the cave than in the coast, as seen in the figure, sixty-eight per cent, of 

 the former as compared to the fifty per cent, of the latter. 



The temporal line as it crosses the coronal suture in the coast series is 

 more uniform than in the cave series, and is, therefore, an indication of the 

 harmony of development existing between the frontal bone as compared with 

 that of the parietal. Such uniformity is indicated in the percentage, seventy- 

 five per cent, of the coast as contrasted with the sixty-three per cent, of the 

 cave. 



The lambdoidal suture near the asterion is determined by causes which 

 largely relate to the volume of the return blood from the brain, as shown 

 in the position of the venous sinuses. In a morphological sense the region 

 of the asterion is a weak part of the skull, and, all tilings remaining the same, 

 the sutures will close less firmly in the higher types, so it is reasonable to 

 find forty-three per cent, of harmonic suturation in the cave series as against 

 thirty-three per cent, in the coast, and but fifty per cent, of serrate suturation 

 in the cave as against sixty-seven per cent, in the coast. We have found the 

 weaker of the two temporal muscles to be associated with the harmonic 

 variety of suturation in specimen No. 1 104 (page 47) showing that the weaker 

 temporal muscle naturally correlates with luxury and the more sedentary life 

 of the higher caste. 



The skull-rest as it effects the occiput is of importance in studying the 

 relation between the brain and the skull. The skull rests on the occipital 

 bone well up from the foramen magnum in the coast series only, and here 

 but twenty per cent. ; it rests in thirty-three per cent, of the series as against 



