TRANSACTIONS OF WAGNER 

 42 



HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



erupted, though the space for it had been reserved. No. 2087, A. N. S., the 

 third upper molar had not been erupted. No. 2094, A. N. S., the third upper 

 molar showed a supplemental cusp interposed on posterior border between 

 metacone and hypocone. In a Princeton skull the third upper molar on both 

 sides was absent. No. 2089, A. N. S., the hypocone of the first molar ex- 

 tended forward back of the protocone ; in the second molar the metacone and 

 hypocone were rudimental and reduced to a mere posterior hem, while they 

 were absent in the small nodular third molar. 



No. 1105, H. U., exhibited lower molars f-f, upper molars 433. 

 The lateral upper incisor almost conical. The first left upper premolar in- 

 clined forward the canine, with which tooth it is functionally associated. The 

 second and third upper molars were with protocone occupying the entire 

 palatal aspect of the tooth ; the metacone was rudimentary, while the hypo- 

 cone was absent. The left third molar resembled in form that of the pre- 

 molar; the left third molar was absent. In No. 1999, A. N. S., the third 

 upper molar was very large, measuring 13 mm. within outward and 10 mm. 

 from side to side. It was composed of six large cusps. In No. 2092, A. N. 

 S., age twenty-five years, the deciduous second premolar had been retained on 

 the right side and but recently lost on the left. The third upper molar was 

 not erupted. The right exoccipital bone was smaller than the left and de- 

 formed. The lower central incisors have been prematurely lost, or possibly 

 may never have appeared. The second lower molar, right side, possessed a 

 supplemental cusp. The third lower molar was present. The body of the 

 lower jaw was markedly convex on the lower border, as in No. I75 2 A. N. 

 S., and like this tooth retained an accessory opening to the outer side of the 

 inferior dental canal. The genial spine was enormous and double. The skull 

 can be regarded as an example of retarded development. It appears to have 

 been arrested in growth at about the thirteenth year, when the second per- 

 manent premolar should have made its appearance. The disposition for the 

 right squama and parietal to be very convex is marked, while the correspond- 

 ing parts of the opposite side are flat. 



The Effects of Disuse 



That disuse creates alteration in the bones is a statement accepted by all 

 anatomists. The establishment of the initial loss or tendency is of importance 

 to study in every instance, and I assume, both in the interest of the etiology 



