FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 



51 

 HAWAIIAN SKULLS 



lively free from friction effects) to extend upward and inward. In specimen 

 No. 1749, A. N. S., the left condyloid process exhibits great wear on both 

 inner and outer facets, at the same time indicating effects of diseased action. 

 Notwithstanding the confusion naturally incident to these combinations, the 

 inner and outer regions are clearly separated by an irregular fissure, thus 

 demonstrating that a pathological process is limited to the areas which have 

 already been determined by physiological action. 



See also page 46 for description of hyperostosis of the condyloid process 

 changing the form of the skull. 



Tympanic Exostosis in the External Auditory Meatus 



Tympanic exostosis was noted in twelve specimens. Good examples are 

 seen in Nos. 1112, 1120, H. U., and Nos. 1752, 1749, 1756, 1999, A. N. S. 

 The specimens were equally distributed between the cave and coast series. 

 In seven specimens the exostosis was confined to the upper margin of the 

 tympanic bone as it entered into the composition of the meatus. In two ex- 

 amples only was the outgrowth in the form of elliptical swellings in adjacent 

 parts of the canal. It would appear, from this examination, that the exos- 

 toses result, in the main, as outgrowths of the tympanic bone. Instances of 

 similar tendencies are seen in the styloid process and the perpendicular plate 

 of the ethmoid bone. The conclusion that some bones continue to grow, un- 

 less checked by pressure from an opposed bone, is a tentative conclusion. 



Defects in the Maxilla 



In two cave specimens, Nos. 1 124 and 1 1 14, H. U., the superior maxillae 

 exhibited a peculiar stunting in the regions of the sinuses. The anterior sur- 

 faces were deeply concave beneath the orbits. No. 1 124, H. U., aged thirteen 

 years, showed the effect on the incisors and canines of an inflammation of the 

 gums at a time before the teeth were erupted. In No. 1 1 14, aged eighteen 

 years, the effects were less marked, though of the same kind as in the fore- 

 going, though the teeth were well formed. (See description of this skull 

 under the head of Premature Closure of Sutures.) No. 1860, A. N. S., coast, 

 aged about thirty years, possessed a peculiarity similar to the above. The 

 bones of the vertex and the interior of the nasal chamber showed the effects 

 of chronic inflammation, probably of syphilitic origin. 



