164 SUB-ALPINE PLANTS 



Distribution. Carpathians, Eastern, Central, and Western Alps ; 

 Erzgebirge, Vosges, Jura ; Pyrenees. 

 A handsome species and well worth cultivating. 



CEPHALARIA Schrader. 

 Cephalaria alpina Schrad. 



A hairy, robust plant, at least a yard high, with an ascending, 

 angular stem and pinnate leaves, with from 9-15 lanceolate leaflets, 

 serrated. Corolla pale yellow in a dense globular head. 



Rocky pastures in the Alps and sub-Alps up to 6000 feet ; very 

 local. June, July. 



Distribution. Switzerland, Jura, and Western Alps of Savoy, 

 Dauphine, Provence, and Piedmont. 



KNAUTIA Coulter 



Differs from Scabiosa in having the awns of the calyx deciduous. 

 Knautia sylvatica Duby. 



A large, leafy herb, often 3 feet in height, usually hairy, especially 

 at the base. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic or lanceolate, entire or 

 toothed, not divided, glabrous, or furnished with long hairs, but 

 never velvety, bright green. Calyx with 8 teeth. Corolla usually 

 violet, rarely rose-purple, in hemispherical heads. Somewhat 

 polymorphic. 



Woods and meadows and shady places in the mountains, extend- 

 ing to the Alpine pastures. June to September. 



Distribution. Central and Southern Europe. 

 Knautia longifolia Koch. 



Plant i-i J feet high, glabrous below, with a usually simple stem. 

 Leaves dark green, shining, glabrous, narrowly lanceolate, acumin- 

 ate, entire or toothed. Flowers rose, in small hemispherical heads. 

 Involucral bracts oval-lanceolate, acute, almost as long as the 

 flowers. Calyx with sub-sessile limb, and linear, pointed teeth. 



Meadows and damp mountain pastures. June to September. 



Distribution. Pyrenees, Alps, Jura, Vosges, Auvergne, Cevennes, 

 Central and Southern Europe. 



COMPOSITE 



Herbs or shrubs with alternate or opposite leaves, without 

 stipules. Flowers or florets collected together into a head, sur- 

 rounded by an involucre, the whole appearing like a single flower. 

 The receptacle upon which the florets are inserted within the in- 

 volucre is either naked or bears chaffy scales and hairs between the 

 florets. In each floret the calyx is combined with the ovary, either 



