190 SUB-ALPINE PLANTS 



spikes are at first ovoid and then cylindrical. Stigmas 3. Stamens 

 glabrous. Stem leafy in lower portion. Flowers dark blue. 



Pastures on siliceous soil up to 8000 feet. July, August. 



Distribution. Southern Germany, Southern Austria, Central and 

 Western Alps ; Pyrenees, Spain. 



Phyteuma spicatum L. (Plate IV.) 



Stems 1-2 feet high, rather stout, usually glabrous, leafy below. 

 Root-leaves longly petioled, ovate heart-shaped, crenate-dentate ; 

 upper leaves narrower, sessile, usually entire. Flowers dirty 

 greenish white or pale blue, in an ovoid head which lengthens into 

 a spike 2 inches or more in length. 



Woods and meadows, especially in the sub-Alps. June to August. 



Distribution. Central and South-Central Europe, extending 

 northwards into Britain (Sussex) and Norway. 



Phyteuma orbicular e L. Round-headed Rampion. (Plate IV.) 



Stem 6-1 8 inches high, erect, often hollow. Lower leaves lanceo- 

 late, with a truncate or almost cordate base, stalked, crenate- 

 serrate ; upper stem-leaves narrower, sessile. Involucral bracts 

 lanceolate, somewhat serrate. Flowers deepest blue, or sometimes 

 deep blue- violet, in globular heads an inch in diameter. Stigmas 3. 

 Very variable in size. 



Meadows and pastures from the plains to about 8600 feet ; often 

 very abundant, especially on limestone soil from 4000-5000 feet. 

 June, July. 



Distribution. Central and Southern Europe, extending to the 

 chalk downs of Southern England. 



Phyteuma Halleri All. 



The tallest and stoutest species. Stem 2-3 feet high, thick, 

 hollow, leafy at the top. Radical leaves with very long petioles, 

 broadly heart-shaped, and irregularly or coarsely toothed ; upper 

 leaves sessile. Flowers dark violet, in dense oblong-cylindric heads. 

 Inferior bracts of involucre leafy, toothed, lanceolate, longer than 

 the flowers. Stamens woolly, 2 stigmas. 



Woods and pastures ; 4300-6500 feet ; local. 



Distribution. Carpathians, Servia, Eastern, Central, and Western 

 Alps ; Pyrenees, Spain. 



CAMPANULA L. 



Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, or rarely solitary, and 

 occasionally in short, leafy heads. Corolla regular, bell-shaped, 

 broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad lanceolate lobes. Anthers 

 distinct. Stigmas 2, 3, or 5. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the 

 calyx and dehiscing laterally or at the top. A numerous genus, 

 widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the northern hemisphere 

 or in mountain ranges of the hotter regions. 



