194 SUB-ALPINE PLANTS 



Grows rapidly in gritty loam, but hates lime. Sometimes a little 

 peat will improve the growth. 



Campanula bononiensis L. 



A tall spiky species with usually simple stem, which is very leafy 

 and almost tomentose. Leaves green, downy beneath ; lower 

 leaves shortly petioled, cordate ; upper ones sessile and becoming 

 narrower and narrower. Flowers small, blue-violet, very shortly 

 stalked, in clusters at the junction of the bracts and stem and form- 

 ing a long spike. Sepals linear-lanceolate, spreading. Capsule 

 pendent. 



Mountain woods in the sub- Alps ; very local. June, July. A 

 frequent plant in the Chestnut zone of the Italian Maritime Alps. 



Distribution. Southern Switzerland ; Western, Central (?), and 

 Eastern Alps, Caucasus, Siberia. 



Campanula rhomboidalis L. (Plate XXIV.) 



Stem erect, slender, leafy above, i ij feet high. Raceme more 

 or less unilateral, 3-5 flowered. Leaves all sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 

 dentate, glabrous or slightly hairy. Flowers blue, pendent. Calyx- 

 teeth linear or subulate, two-thirds length of corolla. 



Meadows, borders of woods in the Alps and sub-Alps ; abundant 

 and often in great masses. June to August. 



Distribution. Carpathians, Eastern, Central, and Western Alps, 

 Jura, Pyrenees, Spain. 



Campanula rapunculoides L. 



Erect stems, 1-3 feet high. Lower leaves heart-shaped, on long 

 stalks ; upper ones small, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers drooping, 

 blue, varying in size, single in the axils of the leaves, and forming 

 long, terminal, simple and more or less unilateral racemes. Cap- 

 sules nearly globular. Calyx-lobes narrow-lanceolate. 



Open woods, borders of roads, etc., from the plains to at least 

 5000 feet. June, July. 



Distribution. Most of Europe, except the Mediterranean region, 

 Caucasus, Asia Minor. British. 



Campanula Trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. 



Very variable, sometimes approaching smaller specimens of 

 C. latifolia, and sometimes with the upper flowers clustered to 

 resemble C. glomerata. Lower leaves broadly heart-shaped, on 

 long stalks, coarsely toothed ; upper ones small, ovate-lanceolate. 

 Flowers large, 2 or 3 together in short, leafy racemes, or sometimes 

 solitary. Calyx-teeth broadly lanceolate, hairy. 



Woods, ravines, and roadsides from the plains to the lower Alps. 

 June to September. 



Distribution. Europe, Western Asia, and right across Siberia, 

 N. Africa. But most common in Western Europe. British. 



