Per Cent United States Sugar Consumption Supplied by Hawaii 



and Philippines 



Year Hawaii Philippines 



1912 15.0% 3.8% 



1913 13.5% 1.2% 



1914 13.6% 3.2% 



1919 12.7% 1.8% 



1920 9.6% 2.8% 



1921 11.7% 3.2% 



Hawaiian Hawaii has long been an important sugar producer, but the 



Industry industry did not receive any great stimulus until 1876, when 

 Hawaiian sugar was admitted free of duty into the United 

 States. Since annexation in 1898 the industry has expanded rapidly, the 

 maximum production being 577,000 tons in 1914-15. For the present season 

 the crop will be approximately 490,000 tons. 



Sugar production in Hawaii is carried on under a system of intensive 

 agriculture. "Nowhere else," says the United States Tariff Commission, 

 "is there so effective an application of highly specialized machinery to agri- 

 culture, such extensive use of commercial fertilizers, such a comprehensive 

 system of irrigation, such attention given to discovering and applying of the 

 principles of scientific agriculture." Under this system Hawaii has obtained 

 the largest sugar output per acre, but much of this production is at high 

 unit costs and dependent upon the tariff bounty. It is said by competent 

 authority that production in Hawaii has about reached the economic limit 

 because nearly all of the suitable land has been planted. A few large com- 

 panies control the sugar situation and have been responsible for the develop- 

 ment of scientific cane culture. 



Philippine Sugar was produced in the Philippines by rather primitive 



Industry methods for many decades prior to the Spanish- American War. 

 The modern development of the industry has been retarded by 

 unsettled political conditions and a somewhat less favored tariff treatment 

 than has been accorded to Hawaii. Since 1913, however, we have admitted 

 Philippine sugar free of duty and there has been a considerable expansion in 

 output. Over the last eleven years the maximum production of the Philip- 

 pines was 332,000 tons in 1915-16. The output for the present season is esti- 

 mated at 276,000 tons. 



The Philippine sugar industry is now being modernized and, at some 

 future time, it is possible that the Philippines may become a large and impor- 



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