38 THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 



bly work into sugar. This season was a disappointment at Chino, where the expected 

 crop was considerably curtailed by drouth. At Lehi, on the other hand, too many 

 beets were grown the factory could hardly work them all. We are under obligations 

 to Willett & Gray for the following. 



SUMMARY OF BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: 



[Iii tons of 2240 pounds.] 



1830, A few hundred pounds 1884, 953 tons 



1831-7, None 1885, 600 tons 



1838-9, 1,300 IDS 1886, 800 tons 



183962, None 1887, 255 tons 



1863-71, 300500 tons per annum 1888, 1,910 tons 



1872, 500 tons 1889, 2,600 tons 



1873, 700 tons 1890, 2,800 tons 

 1874-7, Under 100 tons per annum 1891, 5,359 tons 



1878, 200 tons 1892, 12,091 tons 



1879, 1,200 tons 1893, 20,453 tons 



1880, 500 tons 1894, 20,443 tons 

 1881-2, Less than 500 tons 1895, 30,000 tons 

 1883, 535 tons 1896, 40,000 tons 



WHAT OF THE FUTURE ? 



Wherever factories have been established, farmers are now eager to raise beets 

 for them at $4 to $5 per ton. Offers have been made to grow beets for the older fac- 

 tories in 1897 far in excess of their capacity. Watsonville could not accept half the 

 acreage offered. In such cases, the factories contract only with those growers who 

 have shown the most interest and the ability to furnish beets of the best quality. 



Mr Spreckels has under construction at Salinas City, California, what is destined 

 to be the largest single beet sugar factory in the world, with a capacity of over 

 300,000 tons of beets during a campaign of about 100 days, that will be ready for the 

 1898 crop, and will require 25,000 acres of beets for its supply. At Alamitos, Califor- 

 nia, a new factory will be ready for 1897 with a capacity of 350 tons of beets per day. 

 The first New York Beet Sugar company hopes to have the machinery from the plant 

 at Farnham in operation at Borne, New York, in time to handle 30,000 tons of the 

 1897 crop. 



Several of the existing factories propose to enlarge. There are a number of other 

 factory enterprises that are more or less organized. About 1000 communities in the 

 cane and beet sugar belts are anxious to secure beet-sugar factories or cane-sugar 

 houses. There is no question about the prompt and extensive development of the 

 industry, if congress extends to it satisfactory assurances that the American market 

 will be preserved for the American sugar producers. Without this, the business will 

 stop right where it is. 



ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES. 



Before proceeding to give details of just how the foregoing has been accomplished 

 and a full discussion of what has been learned from all past experience that may 

 guide us in the future, a few elementary points should be understood. 



TECHNICAL TERMS EXPLAINED. 



Prof W. A. Henry covers this point very clearly in these words: What is meant 

 T)y "per cent of sugar in the juice" and by co-efficient of purity? A hundred pounds 

 of sugar beets contain about 95 pounds of juice. This juice not only contains sugar 



