258 PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION 



results with normal serum from non-pregnant women, as also from 

 men, horses, etc. Corresponding observations have since been 

 published by others. 



Favorable results have also been observed by many investigators, 

 following the injection of normal serum or of defibrinated blood, 

 in various hemorrhagic conditions. Weil thus found that the subcu- 

 taneous injection of 30 c.c., or the intravenous injection of 15 c.c. of 

 fresh human or animal serum has a markedly beneficial effect upon 

 the bleeding of hemophiliacs. Leary reports several cases in which 

 following a preliminary injection of 30 c.c. of normal rabbit serum 

 operations could be carried on without subsequent bleeding of note. 

 Welch cites twelve cases of hemophilia neonatorum, all of which 

 recovered after the subcutaneous injection of fresh human serum 

 (average, 80 c.c. in 10 c.c. d6ses, distributed over four days). 



Other observers obtained favorable results in cases of rheumatic 

 purpura with intestinal hemorrhages, in uterine bleeding, in intes- 

 tinal bleeding in connection with cirrhosis of the liver and typhoid 

 fever, in hemorrhagic retinitis, etc. Moss suggests that in those cases 

 in which a notable degree of anemia has already developed, the in- 

 jection of large quantities of defibrinated human blood is probably 

 the best procedure, care being taken that a donor is selected whose 

 serum will not agglutinate or hemolyze the red corpuscles of the 

 recipient. In other cases normal rabbit serum will be found to be 

 just as efficacious. It has the advantage, moreover, of being obtain- 

 able without difficulty, of being very little toxic, while the chances 

 that the patient has been rendered hypersensitive by previous injec- 

 tions of rabbit serum are rather remote. 



While human blood has also been used quite extensively in the 

 treatment of advanced cases of pernicious anemia, leukemia, splenic 

 anemia and pseudoleukemia, lasting effects have not been achieved, 

 while the immediate results, owing no doubt to the introduction 

 of the large number of normal red cells, may be quite satisfactory. 



