DARK BRAHMA AND TOSA FOWL. 53 



4. PENCILING. This may be defined as a concentric repetition on the 

 feather of alternating bands of the lacing and the ground color. In the hackle 

 of the female Jungle fowl the straw color of the lacing is repeated in the center, 

 the two light areas being separated by a black band. In the female Indian 

 fowl the feathers of the throat are laced, but lower down on the larger back- 

 feathers and on the wing bows, there is a second or inner lacing i. e. , the 

 wing is penciled ; * consequently penciling may be said to be a fundamental 

 form of coloration in the genus Gallus. Penciling occurs widespread among 

 the derived or secondary races of poultry, particularly in the " partridge " 

 varieties. A. curious modification of penciling is the straight transverse 

 barring of the feather familiar in the Barred Plymouth Rock and Penciled 

 Hamburghs. 



5. RED WING-BAR. The wing-bar is formed by the lower wing coverts, 

 usually the first to third rows above the remiges or flight feathers. In the 

 male of many races of fowl these differ from the more proximal rows. In 

 the Dark Brahma male they have white and red in addition to black. The 

 wing-bar has probably been derived by the Dark Brahma male from the 

 Indian fowl. In the male Tosa fowl the lower wing coverts are tipped with 

 red, but they show no white. 



6. WHITE WiNG-Bows. The wing-bow is formed by the upper or proximal 

 rows of wing coverts i. e., above the third. These coverts are frequently 

 of a different color from the wing bar. They are red in the male Indian 

 and Malay, but they are white f in the male Aseel.I The white wing-bow 

 of the Dark Brahma has probably been derived from this source. The wing- 

 bow of the male Tosa fowl, like that of the Jungle fowl and Games, is red. 



8. WHITE EARLOBE is a derived color, the primitive condition being red 

 (page 33). 



9. IRIS COLOR. The origin of the yellow eye of the Brahma has been dis- 

 cussed at page 33. The red eye of the Tosa fowl is found in most Games 

 and is the prevailing color among domestic poultry. 



MATERIAL. 



Mother. No. 121, Dark Brahma Bantam (fig. i8). She is a beautifully 

 penciled bird, with horn-colored beak, pearl-colored iris, prominent vulture 

 hocks, and booted down to the outer two toes. To test her purity, she was 

 bred for a month to No. 122, Dark Brahma male, also from Mr. Hodges. 

 Their offspring died before hatching except one (No. 146 ), which is a 

 typical Dark Brahma. 



* Compare Wright, 1902, p. 334, and American Standard of Perfection, 1905, p. 207, figure. 



f According to Ludlow's painting in Wright, 1902, opposite p. 326. 



t Since the above was written I have purchased a male Aseel which has dark coverts 

 tipped with white. 



Weight 1,300 grams, received February, 1905, from Mr. F. H. Hodges Red Bank, 

 New Jersey, marked F. H. H., No. 66, also No. 338. 



