386 Appendix 



the other sex though only a necessary means for the sat- 

 isfaction of sexual appetite finally becomes with certain 

 individuals an end in itself. The pleasure in seducing 

 for its own sake, the "sexual vanity" of both male and 

 female and the other similar affectivities are further 

 instances. 



The case is the same with the tearing to pieces of prey 

 which was originally the customary means for satisfying 

 hunger but finally gave place to cruelty for cruelty's sake. 



"One half of the animal race live upon prey; and as 

 it is delightful to eat so it must be delightful to kill. 

 Pleasurable also must be all the signs of discomfiture, 

 the helpless struggles and agonized gestures of the 

 victim/' 35 



In man the love of victory for its own sake, ambi- 

 tion, thirst for power, desire for fame and glory, the 

 endeavor to surpass his fellows, are all derived as con- 

 sequences of further transference. 



In these and all other similar cases of affective trans- 

 ferences to environmental relations constantly becoming 

 less material and more moral, besides the real proper 

 affective transference which transforms the part into a 

 new "end," there is always involved in man and in the 

 higher animals the cooperation of their own intellectual 

 development. 



For the intellect is constantly discovering new and 

 unsuspected similarities between the most diverse phe- 

 nomena, even between material and ethical phenomena, 

 extending the same affectivities to the one class that are 

 valid for the other; just as disgust for certain foods 

 characterized by taste or odor as unwholesome extends 



35 Alexander Bain, The Emotions of the Will, 4th ed., London, 

 Longmans Green, 1899, p. 65. 



