392 Appendix 



suddenly nor with too great intensity, then only are the 

 requisite muscles called into play without any emotion. 

 Thus the amount of useful work accomplished as a result 

 of the discharge of the affective tendency is greater in 

 inverse proportion to the amount lost in the coordinated 

 movements of a purely emotional significance. This is 

 the reason why we generally observe the greatest deter- 

 mination, the most tenacious persistence in transactions, 

 the most intense and feverish activity in "unemotional" 

 individuals. 44 



As regards the will, an act of volition takes place 

 whenever an affective tendency directed towards a future 

 goal triumphs over an affective tendency whose aim is 

 for the present; in other words, whenever a far-sighted 

 affectivity is victorious over a short-sighted one. It is 

 not the man who sweating and panting after a long run 

 throws himself down to drink eagerly from a spring who 

 exercises an act of volition, but rather the one who for- 

 bears to slake his burning thirst for fear of a greater 

 future evil. Likewise no act of volition is exerted when 

 an exhausted wanderer throw r s himself dow r n to sleep, 

 but rather when a mountain climber overcomes exhaus- 

 tion in order to reach the desired goal. And the act of 

 a man who on a momentary impulse falls upon his oppo- 

 nent at the slightest provocation with hard words and 

 fisticuffs does not demand any will power, as does the 

 conduct of the man who bridles his just anger in order 

 coolly to estimate to its remotest consequences the most 

 appropriate procedure to enter upon against the 

 offender. 45 



44 See Revault d'Allonnes, Les inclinations, pp. 207 f. 

 45 Cf. E. Meumann, Intelligenz and Wille, pp. 181 f. (Leipsic, 

 Quelle und Meyer, 1908), although differing in many points. 



