74 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE 



we may use whale oil soap, one pound to four or five gallons of 

 water. In June use the same remedies as given for San Jose scale. 

 For any scale, pruning of fruit trees should be practiced before 

 winter or early spring treatment with sprays, in order that all 

 parts of the tree may be better reached by the liquid. It is desir- 

 able to burn all prunings from infested trees. 



The Putnam Scale (Aspidiotus ancylus Putn.). This is not a 

 serious pest, but is of considerable importance, because it resembles 

 the San Jose scale so closely. In color it is dark gray. The female 

 is circular and about one-twelfth inch in diameter. This differs 



from the San Jos scale in being 

 slightly larger. It usually has a 

 conspicuous or orange nipple a 

 little to one side of the center, 

 surrounded by a concentric de- 

 pression less conspicuous than 

 in the San Jose scale. Dis- 

 persal of this scale is less rapid 



than the Iast - named > and the 



injury caused is less severe. 

 The young cluster more about 

 the parent, thus making a more 

 uneven infestation. 



The insects pass the winter 

 in the immature stage on the 

 bark, completing their growth 

 in the spring, at which time the 

 two-winged males emerge. The 

 females lay from thirty to forty 



FIG. 96. Buffalo tree hopper (a), infested twig effS late in the Spring, Under 

 and eggs (c and d). (After U. S. Bu. Ent.) * 



the scale. The fact that they 



are oviparous instead of viviparous is another mark distinguishing 

 them from the San Jose" scale. There is supposed to be but one 

 generation. 



Control. Use lime-sulfur spray when trees are dormant. 



The Buffalo Tree-hopper (Ceresa bubalus Fab.). This is a 

 jumping insect capable of strong flight. It is about one-third 

 inch long, light-green in color, with whitish dots and a pale yellow- 

 ish streak along each side. A sharp point upon each side of the 

 front is seen jutting out horizontally, reminding one of a horn 

 and suggesting the name. The body is three-sided and has been 



