APPLE LEAF HOPPER 



83 



more injurious than the winged forms. Late in the summer, 

 winged forms become less numerous. 



True sexual males and females are developed about September 



the males being smaller than the females and both sexes smaller 

 than the summer stages. After mating, the 

 eggs are deposited on exposed surfaces of 

 stems of apple trees. When first laid, the 

 eggs are light green, later turning black, and 

 remain unhatched until the following spring. 

 Control. Late fall and early spring 

 sprayings will help to destroy the eggs. 

 Use lime-sulfur mixture according to direc- 

 tions on can; or use tobacco extracts. For 

 summer sprays on living aphids, dissolve a 

 five-cent cake of Ivory soap in five gallons 

 of water; or of black leaf, No. 40, two table- 

 spoonfuls, in a gallon of water; or one pound 

 of whale oil soap in four gallons of water. 

 When pruning, in the late winter or early 

 spring, burn the cuttings to destroy the eggs 

 thereon. 



The Apple Bud Aphis (Aphis avence Fab.). 



This is another louse, like the former in- 

 troduced from Europe, found upon the apple. 

 The eggs hatch in early spring on apple trees. 

 The first generation or stem-mothers are 

 deep green, wingless, and give birth to living 

 young when mature, continuing to reproduce 

 for three weeks. A few winged forms are 

 found in the second generation, and a large 

 proportion of the third generation are winged 

 and migrate to grasses, grain, or oats. Sev- 

 eral generations are produced on the grasses 

 during the summer. Early in the fall the 

 winged migrants go back to the apple trees Fl - 105. Forest tent 



i i 1 1 , -IP caterpillars crowded to- 



and give birth to true sexual forms, the eggs gether, greatly reduced, 

 being laid on the apple twigs. 



Control. Use the same remedies as for Apple Aphis. 



The Apple Leaf Hopper (Empoasca mali LeB.). This insect 

 is not a serious pest in orchards, but retards nursery stock. It 

 occurs in large numbers on plum, maple, burr oak, black oak, 



