84 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE 



thorn apple, basswood, hazel, box elder, blackberry, and many 

 other trees and shrubs, but is particularly injurious to young apples. 



Description and Life History. The young form or nymph, 

 when first hatched, is almost colorless, becoming pale-orange or 

 greenish-yellow. It crawls to the under side of the leaves, is 

 extremely active, and moves quickly when disturbed. It always 

 walks, except in the last nymph and adult stages. The adults are 

 about one-eighth inch long (Fig. 106). This pest is apparently 

 two-brooded, the number of broods probably varying with the 

 latitude. 



The nymph emerges from the winter egg soon after the leaves 

 open. It has five nymphal stages, twenty-two days being required 

 to reach the adult stage. The adults lay summer eggs in petioles 

 of clover, apple, and probably many other plants which furnish 

 food during the summer. The adult stage lasts from two to four 

 weeks. Where there are but two broods, the second brood deposits 

 winter eggs under tender bark of apple tree or nursery stock. 

 The presence of this egg is denoted by a blister-like swelling on the 

 bark less than one-twenty-fifth inch in diameter. 



Control. Collect the first brood with some sort of hopper- 

 dozer on a shield smeared with tanglefoot. One pint of nicotine 

 sulfate in one hundred gallons of water will control the young or 

 nymph stages. Periodical dippings of affected tips of nursery 

 stock, when insects first appear, in the same solution, are effective. 

 Soap adds to the value of the above extract. Where convenient 

 one should grow nursery stock as far as possible from orchard, as 

 orchards seem to be infested yearly. Scions cut from infested 

 orchards may help to spread the pest. 



The May Beetle or "June Bug." The adult beetles feed at 

 night on leaves of fruit and shade trees, and the immature form or 

 white grub frequently attacks the roots of the apple. See White 

 Grub, under strawberries, page 135, for life history and control 

 measures. 



The Tarnished Plant-Bug (Lyjus pratensis Linn.). This in- 

 sect begins its work in spring, feeding upon young buds, from which 

 it sucks the sap. Its puncture seems poisonous and causes the 

 leaves so attacked to wither and dry. Sometimes this bug attacks 

 the fruit, causing deformities of the latter. It feeds upon almost 

 all garden crops, small fruits, tender shoots of fruit and nursery 

 trees, many flowering plants, and most of the common weeds. 



Description and Life History. The adult is brownish; about 



