86 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE 



trees with a net in the cool of the early morning. Lime-sulfur and 

 Bordeaux mixture both form fairly good repellents. 



The Lesser Apple-leaf Roller (Alceris minuta Rob.). The 

 caterpillars of this little moth fold tender leaves along the midribs 

 or fold over the margins of older leaves and seek protection in the 

 enclosure thus formed. Several young larvae may tie up the tender 

 unfolding leaves at growing tips and work inside, boring through 

 the tender tissue and riddling it with small holes. Again, they may 

 fasten two leaves together by their flat surfaces. The insect fre- 

 quently injures young nursery stock. 



Life History. There are two forms of this species, an orange- 

 colored moth, seen during spring and summer, and a slate-colored 

 form observed late in the fall. The species has two broods. The 

 wing expanse is about a half -inch. The larva is about a half-inch 

 long, with yellowish head. In June, in many localities, and again 

 in August, orange-colored adults appear. Pupation occurs on the 

 leaves. The third brood, consisting of slate-colored adults, appears 

 in October. The late forms hibernate among fallen leaves. 



Control. Pick off or pinch affected leaves on small trees or on 

 nursery stock. Spray with arsenate of lead when the larvae are 

 very small or before they are hatched. If sufficient time is given 

 them to fold their leaves, they are then protected from arsenical 

 spraying. When moths are seen flying about, use this spray and 

 repeat the same in ten days or two weeks. 



The Bud Moth (Spilonota ocellana Schiff.). The black-headed, 

 greenish caterpillar the young of this moth feeds on the epider- 

 mis of the leaf, leaving a network of veins. It spins a small silken 

 case just above the winter bud and hibernates therein when half- 

 grown. In spring, when the buds open, it eats into the buds and 

 young leaves, webbing up buds and clusters of leaves to make nests. 

 The insects pupate in these clusters, the pupal period lasting about 

 ten days. The adult moths appear in June, the transparent eggs 

 being placed singly or in clusters. This insect is especially injurious 

 to nursery stock. 



Control. Collect and burn the nests in spring or crush them 

 with the hand. Early spraying with arsenicals as used for codling 

 moth will help in their control. (See page 98.) 



The Cigar Case-bearer (Coleophora fletcherella Fernald). 

 The insect hibernates as a half-grown larva in a case attached to 

 a twig, emerging in April or May and attacking buds, leaves, and 

 fruit. The case is built larger as the larva increases in size. In 



