90 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE 



sprays or by the same mechanical barriers as advised for spring 

 canker worms. Mechanical barriers, whether they consist of 

 tanglefoot bands, or cotton, or wire netting, should be put in posi- 

 tion as early as the middle of September for this species. 



The Red-humped Apple Tree Caterpillar (Schizura concinna 

 S. and A.). These caterpillars are often found in great numbers 

 on apple trees. When not feeding they are generally in groups. 

 They feed on the leaves. 



Description. The larva of this moth, when full grown, is 

 striped with yellowish white and dark brown or black lines and a 

 double row of black spines extending along the back, which is 

 marked with five narrow black lines. The first three segments are 

 spotted black and white. The sides of the fifth to the tenth seg- 



, ments are whitish with black lines and 

 five black points, and last segment is 

 spotted with black. There is a promi- 

 nent hump on the fourth segment, 

 and this, with the head, is bright 

 coral red, giving the caterpillar its 

 name (Fig. 110). The caterpillar is 

 one and one-fourth inches long 

 when full grown, tapering towards the 

 ^ as ^ se S men ts, which are usually held 

 in an elevated position. 



Life History. Caterpillars appear 

 FIG. no. Red-humped apple tree in August, feeding upon the leaves, 



caterpillar. (Lugger.) . 



and in September they descend to the 



ground and construct a cocoon of silk mixed with particles of the 

 surrounding rubbish. Here they pass the winter and emerge as 

 moths in the spring or about the last of June. These moths have 

 a wing expanse of about one and one-fourth inches. The general 

 color is dark brown. The eggs are laid on the under side of leaves 

 in late June or July, and there is one brood each year. 



Control. These caterpillars may be hand-picked or the colonies 

 destroyed by swabbing them off the limbs with rags or waste satu- 

 rated with kerosene. The tip of the limb containing a colony may 

 be cut off and burned. The usual arsenical sprays as applied for 

 codling moth would control this as all other forms of leaf-eating 

 caterpillars. The young forms are more susceptible to poison than 

 the mature insects. 



The Yellow-necked Apple Tree Caterpillar (Datana ministra 



