CODLING MOTH 99 



pand, the caterpillars not yet full grown emerge and draw new 

 leaves toward the cocoons. When full grown the reddish brown 

 caterpillar is a little more than half an inch long. It matures a 

 few weeks later, changes to a pupa in its case, and emerges as a 

 moth two weeks later. There is but one brood annually. 



Injury. The caterpillars attack young apple trees in nursery 

 and orchards, which are often seriously injured by the destruction 

 of the leaves as they emerge from the buds. Green fruit and young 

 bark are sometimes attacked. Other trees affected are quince, 

 peach, plum, cherry, and sometimes pear. 



Control. Pick off and burn conspicuous cases in the dormant 

 season. In extreme infestation, an early application of arsenate of 

 lead, two pounds to fifty gallons, would be of value. Codling moth 

 sprayings easily control this pest. 



ATTACKING THE FRUIT 



The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomcnella Linn.). This well- 

 known pest is believed to cause an annual loss in the United States 

 of about $12,000,000; it originated in England. 



Description and Life History. The grayish brown moths, 

 which fly only at dusk, have wings expanding about three-fourths 

 of an inch. When closely examined, numerous lines of tiny gray 

 and brown scales are observed. Near the rear angle of each fore- 

 wing is a large, dark brown or coppery spot marked with streaks 

 of brown and gold. The hind-wings are somewhat lighter, growing 

 darker toward their margins (Fig. 122). The larva or caterpillar 

 is the well-known, pinkish, somewhat fleshy " apple worm," three- 

 fourths of an inch long when mature. It passes the winter in a 

 cocoon in crevices of the bark, or in fruit cellars or fruit houses, 

 wherever infested apples were found in the late summer and fall 

 (Fig. 123). Before the time of blossoming, the larvse turn into 

 small brown pupae, the moths emerging in two or three weeks. 

 In from three to nine days the females deposit eggs, mostly on the 

 foliage or in the calyx end of the small apple, each female averag- 

 ing from eighty to ninety eggs. Hatching occurs in from five to 

 ten days, depending upon the temperature, and the larvse become 

 full grown in from three to four weeks. Some of these larvse may 

 pupate and cause a small or partial generation. Most of them, 

 however, hibernate during the winter and pupate in spring. 



The young larva feeds at first either on the tender parts of the 

 leaves or enters an apple. Those of the early brood, for the most 



