PLUM CURCTJLlO 



101 



(Fig. 125). Two or three pounds of arsenate of lead in fifty gallons 

 of water or in fifty gallons of fungicide is recommended. 



Spray with commercial lime-sulfur, one part to forty parts of 

 water. Use two or three pounds of arsenate of lead for every 

 fifty gallons of the mixture as soon as the first blossom buds begin 

 to show pink. Repeat as soon as all petals have fallen (Fig. 126) 

 and again three weeks later. 



A later spraying should be given, toward the end of July. This 

 treatment should control not only the codling moth but also the 

 plum curculio attacking the apple, and all leaf-eating insects, as 

 well as the apple-scab. 



For oyster-shell scale a dormant spray (one part lime-sulfur 

 to eight of water) might well be given earlier, when leaf buds are 

 swollen, just before they open. 



FIG. 124. Proper time for first spraying for codling moth. The right-hand calyx closed; 

 no chance to get poison in this. 



The Palmer Worm (Ypsolophus ligulellus Hbn.). This cater- 

 pillar may be primarily a leaf-eater, but, since it attacks fruit as 

 well, it is included among the fruit insects. It injures apple trees 

 in June and July, skeletonizing the leaves and fastening a few to- 

 gether by a web within which it feeds. It also eats irregular holes 

 into the growing fruit and spins a web across the opening. It is 

 extremely active, rapidly wriggling backward or forward and 

 frequently hanging suspended by a web. The pupa is suspended 

 by a web from the posterior end or rests between a few folded 

 leaves. It changes to a moth in about ten days. 



Control. Spray trees with arsenate of lead as for codling moth. 



The Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst.). This 

 familiar beetle, more destructive to apples in some localities than 

 the codling moth, is characterized, like other curculios, by the 



