144 INSECT PESTS OF BERRIES AND GRAPES 



severely injures the productiveness of small fruits. The colorless 

 eggs are laid in the spring on the under surface of leaves where 

 the mites feed by sucking the juices. These mites are very small 

 and are barely visible to an ordinary observer. The adults leave 

 the plants in late summer and early fall and hibernate in the 

 ground. 



The injury, however, is very evident, for the affected leaves 

 become yellowish and shriveled, finally drying up completely. 



Control. Spray the under sides of leaves with sulfur and 

 water, in the proportion of one pound of flowers of sulfur to three 

 gallons of water. To make the sulfur mix easily with the water, 

 add one ounce soap to six gallons of water. A forceful spraying 

 with a garden hose is frequently helpful. A cheap flour paste is 

 also recommended. Use one pound of flour to a gallon of water 

 for a stock solution. Mix the batter first, avoiding lumps, and then 

 dilute to the above proportions. In preparing the spray, add one 

 part of the stock solution to ten parts of water. 



The Long-horned Prominent (Schizura ipomoece Doubl.). 

 Another name of this larva is the dingy cut-worm. The cater- 

 pillars of this species vary considerably. They are usually green, 

 speckled with purple. Two rusty, wart-like projections occur on 

 the top of segments four and eleven. Caterpillars feed upon oak, 

 maple, birch, raspberry, and other plants, besides the blackberry. 

 When the caterpillar is full grown it makes an earthen cocoon 

 below the surface of the ground, in which it passes the whiter. 

 The moths emerge in the spring. 



The adult moth (Fig. 163) is purplish gray, tinged with greenish 

 at base and along the front edge of the fore-wings. The hind- 

 wings are whitish in the male and grayish in the female. The 

 expanse of the wings is a little more than one inch. 



Control. As stated elsewhere, any arsenical spray will kill a 

 leaf -eat ing insect. Poison baits are also recommended. Of the 

 arsenical sprays, arsenate of lead is repeatedly stated as safer 

 than Paris green and has practically replaced the latter. 



Attacking the Fruit of Blackberries and Raspberries. 



The Raspberry Fruit Worm (Byturus unicolor Say). This is 

 a small white "worm" slightly tapering at each end and nearly 

 one-fourth of an inch long when full grown. 



Injury. It feeds upon the leaves of raspberry and blackberry, 

 and afterward locates inside the cup of the berry or on the recep- 



