152 INSECT PESTS OF BERRIES AND GRAPES 



Attacking the Fruit. 



The Currant Fruit Fly. This is a pale yellowish brown fly 

 (Epochra canadensis Loew.) of medium size, with dark bands on 

 the vvings. It deposits eggs in the skin of the half-grown fruit. 

 The young maggots eat into the seeds, causing the berries to be- 

 come discolored, to turn red prematurely, and fall to the ground. 

 The full-grown maggots emerge from the fruit, pupating in the 

 ground, and come forth as adults the following spring. 



Control. Spraying is not effective for this insect. Where 

 practicable, the ground should be worked early in the spring and 

 late in the fall. If the bushes are not too numerous, the injured 

 fruit might possibly be removed and destroyed. Poultry might 



be allowed to run among the 

 bushes early in the fall and would 

 scratch up and eat many insects 

 in the hibernating stage. 



The Gooseberry Fruit Worm 

 (Zophodia grossularice Pack.). 

 These worms cause fruit of both 

 gooseberry and currant to become 

 discolored and ripen prematurely. 



-The gooseberry fruit worm. j f ^ ^ attacked when quite 



young, the fruit becomes whitish and withers. Currants are not, 

 ordinarily, large enough to hold this larva and therefore they are 

 drawn together in clusters and the worm lives within the web- 

 covered enclosure. Figure 171 gives a very good idea of the work 

 of this pest of currant and gooseberry. 



Life History. This pest (Fig. 170) is the young of a pale-gray 

 moth, the wings of which expand one inch. The adult appears 

 early in the spring, depositing eggs on the young currants or goose- 

 berries shortly after the fruit is set. It changes to a pupa in the 

 ground, spinning silken cocoons among the rubbish for the winter, 

 emerging the following spring. 



Control. The same remedies employed against the currant 

 fruit fly are applicable to this pest. 



Supplementary List for Currant and Gooseberry. The fol- 

 lowing insects are also found attacking currants and gooseberries. 

 The pages cited give full discussions of these. 



Apple-leaf hopper, p. 83 Saddle-backed caterpillar 



Cottony maple scale, p. 287 San Jose scale, p. 70 



Currant scale "Stink" bugs 



lo emperor moth, p. 128 Tarnished plant bug, p. 84 



Oblique-banded leaf roller, p. 96 Well-marked cut-worm moth, p. 97 



