GRAPE-VINE PHYLLOXERA 



157 



due to spiny projections on the legs of the insect. It has 

 now been demonstrated that the death of fowls and other animals, 

 including trout, feeding upon these beetles, is not due to mechanical 

 irritation, but to a toxic principle existing in the beetle. 



Control. Poisons are not generally satisfactory, but the fol- 

 lowing spray is quite effective. Use ten pounds arsenate of lead, 

 twenty-five pounds cheap molasses or confectioners' glucose or 



FIG. 174. Different stages of the grape cane-borer or apple twig-borer and its work. 



(U. S. Bu. Ent.) 



cheap syrup, and one hundred gallons of water. Jarring adults 

 into a large sheet may greatly aid in destroying them. 



The Grape-vine Phylloxera. This aphid or plant louse (Phyl- 

 loxera vastatrix Planch.) was first discovered in eastern United 

 States on wild grapes and was introduced into France early in 

 the 1860's. There it became a most serious enemy to grape-raising. 

 It exists in several forms and is found on both roots and leaves. 



The female is plump, orange yellow, wingless, and fills the gall 

 in which she lives with her eggs (Fig. 176). The female root form 



