CRANBERRY LEAF-FOLDER 169 



cause rotting of the fruit (Fig. 185). Sometimes several grapes 

 are bound together by silken threads and fed upon by one insect. 

 The first generation of caterpillars may also feed upon the blossoms. 



Transformations. When the larva is full grown, and ready 

 to pupate, it forms a cocoon on the leaves of the vines by turning 

 over the edge of a leaf and lining the inside with silk. There are 

 two broods of this insect, the spring brood being sometimes found 

 on weeds. 



Control Measures. Since the whiter is probably passed in 

 the pupal cases attached to leaves, gathering and burning the 

 leaves will materially diminish their numbers. All diseased and 

 fallen fruit should be destroyed. Wormy grapes might be picked 

 off the vines in summer at an expense of about two dollars per 

 acre. Vineyards sprayed with a combined fungicide and arsenical 

 poison before blossoms open are not seriously affected with this pest. 



Supplementary List of Grape Insects. Besides the insects 

 described in this section of the chapter, the following also attack 

 the grape less seriously. Where page citations are given a dis- 

 cussion of the bisect may be found. 



Abbot sphinx Mealy flata 



Achemon sphinx Pandorus sphinx 



Cottony maple scale, p. 287 Pyramidal grape-vine caterpillar 



False chinch bug Red-shouldered simoxylon 



Grape plume moth Saddle-back caterpillar 



Grape-vine leaf-folder Smeared-dagger-moth 



Grape-vine leaf-sewer Snowy tree-cricket, p. 140 



Indian euphoria, p. 106 Spotted vine-chafer 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE CRANBERRY 



Attacking the Leaves. 



The Cranberry Leaf -folder (Peronea oxycoccana Pack.). This 

 is a small moth, having a spread across the wings of only three- 

 fourths of an inch. The fore-wings are reddish brown and the hind- 

 wings glistening gray, the body being a dark slate color. 



The method of control employed in the New Jersey cranberry 

 district is to keep the bogs covered with water until after the middle 

 of May, compelling the moths to lay their eggs on other plants 

 belonging to the same family. This practice aids greatly in con- 

 trolling other cranberry insects. One spray ing with arsenate of 

 lead will effectually destroy them if applied when the eggs of the 

 second brood are hatching. Use five or six pounds in fifty gallons 

 of water. 



